2019山西益昌升精品推荐汝窑瓷

藏品名称：汝窑瓷

Collection Name: Ru Kiln Porcelain

藏品规格：重量：226.6g 口径：10.39cm 底径：8.5cm 高：4cm

Collection Specification: Weight: 226.6g Diameter: 10.39cm Bottom Diameter: 8.5cm High: 4cm

藏品简介： 汝窑，五大名窑之一，因产于汝州而得名，窑址在今河南省宝丰县大营镇清凉寺村，汝瓷位居宋代"汝、官、哥、钧、定"五大名窑之首，在中国陶瓷史上素有"汝窑为魁"之称。汝窑中华传统制瓷著名工艺之一，中国北宋时期主要代表瓷器。汝瓷造型古朴大方，以名贵玛瑙为釉，色泽独特，有"玛瑙为釉古相传"的赞誉。随光变幻，观其釉色，犹如"雨过天晴云破处"，"千峰碧波翠色来"之美妙，土质细润，坯体如侗体其釉厚而声如磬，明亮而不刺目。器表呈蝉翼纹细小开片，有"梨皮、蟹爪、芝麻花"之特点，被世人称为"似玉、非玉、而胜玉"。宋、元、明、清以来，宫廷汝瓷用器，内库所藏，视若珍宝、与商彝周鼎比贵。1952年，周恩来总理指示"发展祖国文化遗产、恢复汝窑生产"。经过上百次实验和研究，1958年烧制出第一批豆绿釉工艺品，1983年8月汝窑天蓝釉经过专家鉴定，均达到和超过宋代汝窑水平。从此，汝瓷成了汝州市人的一张名片。

Collection: Ru kiln, one of the five famous kilns, is named for its origin in Ruzhou. The kiln site is Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, Henan Province. Ru porcelain ranks first among the five famous kilns of Song Dynasty: Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Ding. It is known as "Ru kiln is the leader" in the history of Chinese ceramics. Ru kiln is one of the most famous traditional Chinese ceramic crafts. It mainly represented the porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty. Ru Porcelain is simple and generous in shape, with precious agate as its glaze and unique in color. It has the praise of "agate as glaze handed down from ancient times". With the change of light, the glaze color is like "the rain breaks through the sky, the clouds break down", "Qianfeng Bibo emerald" is beautiful, the soil is fine, the body is like the Dong body whose glaze is thick and loud, bright and not dazzling. It has the characteristics of "pear skin, crab claw, sesame flower" and is called "like jade, non-jade, but winning jade" by the world. Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial porcelain for Ru has been treasured in the inner storehouse, which is more valuable than the Shang, Yi and Zhou dynasties. In 1952, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed "to develop the cultural heritage of the motherland and restore the production of Ru kiln". After hundreds of experiments and studies, the first batch of bean-green glaze crafts were fired in 1958. In August 1983, the sky-blue glaze of Ru kiln reached and surpassed the level of Ru kiln in Song Dynasty. Since then, Ru Porcelain has become a business card of Ruzhou people.

汝瓷观其釉色，犹如“雨过天晴云破处”，“千峰碧波翠色来”之美妙，土质细润，坯体如侗体其釉厚而声如磬，明亮而不刺目。器表呈蝉翼纹细小开片，有“梨皮、蟹爪、芝麻花”之特点，被世人称为“似玉、非玉、而胜玉”。宋、元、明、清以来，宫廷汝瓷用器，内库所藏，视若珍宝、与商彝周鼎比贵。

The glaze color of Ru Porcelain is like that of "Rain over the sky, clear clouds and broken places", "Qianfeng Bibo emerald" with delicate soil. The glaze of body like Dong body is thick and loud, bright but not dazzling. It has the characteristics of "pear skin, crab claw, sesame flower" and is called "like jade, non-jade, but winning jade" by the world. Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial porcelain for Ru has been treasured in the inner storehouse, which is more valuable than the Shang, Yi and Zhou dynasties.

汝窑瓷器造型有盘、碗、瓶、洗、尊、盏托、水仙盆等。其中瓶的变化较为丰富，有纸槌瓶、玉壶春瓶、胆瓶等多种。汝窑器有瓶、尊、盏托、碗、盘、洗、奁、水仙盆等日用器，少数还有堆花、印花等装饰，底部更有青花年号款，多是用刀笔刻画，和印花、模印等工艺。

Ru kiln porcelains have dishes, bowls, bottles, washes, respects, calendula, Narcissus basins and so on. There are many kinds of bottles, such as paper mallet bottle, jade spring bottle, gallbladder bottle and so on. Ru kiln utensils have vases, respect, calendula, bowls, dishes, washing, dimples, Narcissus basins and other daily appliances. A few of them are also decorated with piles of flowers, prints and other decorations. At the bottom, there are more blue and white year models. They are mostly depicted with knives and pens, and printing, impression and other processes.

汝窑瓷器胎均为灰白色，深浅有别，都与燃烧后的香灰相似，故俗称“香灰胎”这是鉴定汝窑瓷器的要点之一。汝窑瓷釉基本色调是一种淡淡的天青色，俗称“鸭蛋壳青色”，釉层不厚，随造型的转折变化，呈现浓淡深浅的层次变化。釉面开裂纹片，多为错落有致的极细纹片，俗称为“蝉翼纹”。汝瓷胎质细腻，胎土中含有微量铜，迎光照看，微见红色，胎色灰中略带着黄色，俗称“香灰胎”，多见汝州蟒川严和店、大峪东沟，汝州文庙、清凉寺等窑址；汝州张公巷汝窑器，胎呈灰白色，比其他窑口的胎色稍白，是北宋官窑的主要特征。汝瓷为宫廷垄断，制器不计成本，以玛瑙入釉，釉色呈天青、粉青、天蓝色较多，也有豆绿、青绿、月白、桔皮纹等釉色，釉面滋润柔和，纯净如玉，有明显酥油感觉，釉稍透亮，多呈乳浊或结晶状。汝州张公巷汝瓷，釉呈天青、粉青，釉色滋润，手感如玉。有青如天 、面如玉、晨星稀的典型特征。

Ru kiln pottery tires are gray-white, different in depth and shade, and are similar to the burned aromatic ash, so commonly known as "aromatic ash tire" is one of the key points in identifying Ru kiln pottery. The basic tone of Ru kiln glaze is a kind of light azure, commonly known as "duck eggshell blue". The glaze layer is not thick. With the change of shape, the glaze changes in depth and depth. Glaze cracking patches are mostly extremely fine patches, commonly known as "cicada wing patches". Ru porcelains have exquisite texture and contain trace copper in the earth. When exposed to sunlight, they are slightly red and slightly yellow, commonly known as "aromatic grey tires". They are often found in Yanhedian, Dayu Donggou, Ruzhou Wenmiao and Qingliangsi kiln sites. Ru kilns in Zhanggong Lane, Ruzhou have gray-white tires, whiter than those at other kiln entrances, and are in the north. The main characteristics of Song Guanyao. Ru Porcelain is a palace monopoly. The glaze is azure, pink-blue and sky-blue. There are also glaze colors of bean green, green, moonwhite and orange peel. The glaze is moist and soft, pure as jade, and has a distinct butter feeling. The glaze is slightly transparent, mostly opaque or crystalline. Ru Porcelain in Zhanggong Lane, Ruzhou, has azure and pink-blue glaze, moist glaze color and jade-like feel. It has the typical characteristics of blue sky, jade face and sparse morning stars.

汝窑以传承艺术为己任，采用传统手工制作陶瓷方法，制作一个陶瓷的工序高达十三道，包括淘泥、摞泥、拉坯、印坯、修坯、捺水、画坯、上釉、烧窑、成瓷、成瓷缺陷的修补，做工精细，设计唯美、承艺汝瓷以“釉色层”领先，器型古朴典雅得当，光润有度，由于汝瓷釉层厚，常有开片如鱼鳞、蝉翼状，久用之后茶色会着附于裂纹处，形成不规则的变换交错的花纹，故而手感润滑如脂，似玉非玉之美。

Ru kiln takes inheritance of art as its duty, adopts traditional handmade method to make ceramics. The process of making a ceramics is as high as 13 ways, including washing mud, laying mud, drawing billet, printing billet, repairing billet, rubbing water, painting billet, glazing, firing kiln, ceramics, repairing defects of ceramics, fine workmanship, beautiful design and "glaze layer" of Chengyi Ru ceramics. Leading, simple and elegant, light and lustre, because Ru porcelain glaze layer is thick, often open like fish scales, cicada wings, after a long time, the Brown will adhere to cracks, forming irregular alternating patterns, so feel lubricated like grease, like the beauty of jade and non-jade.

北宋灭完后，汝窑也随之消亡，其前后也才开窑二十年。南宋时汝窑瓷器已经非常稀有。何况流传到今天其真品已不多。汝窑瓷器之所以如此珍贵，是因为汝窑瓷器在当时只有二十年的开窑时间，存世量少，到现代只有在各大博物馆典藏。因此汝窑瓷器在市场上的流通性微乎其微。

After the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Ru Kiln also disappeared, and it was only 20 years before and after the kiln was opened. Ru Kiln Porcelain was very rare in Southern Song Dynasty. What's more, there are not many authentic products that have been circulated today. The reason why Ru kiln porcelain was so precious was that Ru kiln porcelain had only been opened for 20 years at that time, and had only been stored in major museums in modern times. Therefore, the circulation of Ru kiln porcelain in the market is negligible.

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