古玩城2019精品推荐第12期：清.青花斗彩粉彩万花碗

清乾隆是清代社会发展的鼎盛时期。景德镇御窑厂荟萃了一代名师巧匠，无论数量或质量都达到了历史的顶峰，“大内出样，交御窑厂烧制”。珐琅彩瓷启始于康熙末年，全盛于雍、乾两朝，乾隆中期以后逐渐销声匿迹。珐琅彩瓷堪称康、雍、乾三代帝王挚爱的“内廷秘玩”，是“庶民弗得一窥”的御用品。它瓷质细润，彩料凝重，色泽鲜艳，血统高贵，细如毫芒，是历代最受藏家青睐的瓷器之一，与宋汝瓷、元青花并驾齐驱，被称为“世界上最奢侈的艺术品”。

Qing Ganlong was the heyday of social development in Qing Dynasty. Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory has gathered a generation of famous and skillful craftsmen. Both quantity and quality have reached the peak of history. "Imperial Kiln Factory will produce samples and submit them to Imperial Kiln Factory for firing". Enamel colored porcelain started at the end of Kangxi and flourished in Yong and gan dynasties. it gradually disappeared after the middle of gan long period. Enamel colored porcelain can be called the "imperial secret play" beloved by the three emperors of Kang, Yong and Gan, and is the royal product of "common people get a glimpse of it". It is one of the most popular porcelains in the past dynasties with fine and moist porcelain, dignified color materials, bright color, noble lineage and fine as milli mans. It is on a par with Song Ru Ci and Yuan Blue and White porcelain and is called "the most luxurious artwork in the world".

 

【藏品名称】： 清*青花斗彩粉彩万花碗

"Collection Name": Qing * Blue and White Doucai famille rose bowl

【类别】：瓷器

[Category]: Porcelain

“百花图”是清乾隆时期景德镇粉彩瓷器的花卉题材之一。百花图又称“百花不露地”、“百花”、“万花锦”、“万花堆”、“万花献瑞图”等，许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》中述：“瓷器满画花朵种种，色色形状

一者谓之万花，以黑地者为最贵，即白地者亦可珍。花之形状大小偏反，各尽其致。”“百花图”多在器物主体中心部位绘画牡丹等大朵纹样，在周围加绘并绘菊花、茶花、月季、荷花、百合、牵牛花等等各种小花朵图案，并且画有很精细的辅纹，让画面覆盖全器，器

露地，寓意百花呈瑞，盛世升平。

"Hundred Flowers Painting" is one of the flower themes of Jingdezhen famille rose porcelain in the Qing Dynasty. The hundred flowers picture is also called "all flowers are hidden in the ground", "all flowers", "all flowers are brocade", "all flowers are piled up", "all flowers present a red picture", etc. in Xu Zhiheng's "drinking and flowing lent to say porcelain", it is stated: "porcelain is full of flowers and all kinds of colors and shapes are called ten thousand flowers. black land is the most expensive, i.e. white land can also be treasured. The shape and size of the flowers are on the contrary, so each will do its best. " "Hundred Flowers Painting" usually draws large patterns such as peony in the central part of the main body of the utensil. It also draws and draws various small flower patterns such as chrysanthemum, camellia, rose, lotus, lily, morning glory and so on around the utensil. It also draws very fine auxiliary patterns so that the picture covers the whole utensil and the utensil is not exposed to the ground, implying that all flowers are auspicious and prosperous.

百花

露地装饰之出现必在工艺繁荣之世，考其源流，可知雍正一朝为初创阶段，多见碗杯之属，花叶之间留有空隙，尚无致密之象，实物可参见南京故宫博物院藏品，乾隆和嘉庆发展至极致，光绪尚见，但已趋没落。据乾隆内务府记载，宫内依不同节令使用不同纹饰的瓷器，新年用“三阳启泰”，上元节用“五谷丰登”，端阳节用“艾叶灵符”，七夕用“鹊桥仙渡”，万寿节用“万寿无疆”，中秋节用“丹桂飘香”……绘百花图案者，则象征“万花献瑞”。且亦可作祭祀礼佛之用，便是当权者寄希以万花来供奉佛祖，彰显帝国之昌盛。

The appearance of the decoration of flowers without exposure must be in a prosperous era of craftsmanship. Examining its origin, we can see that Yongzheng was in its early stage. Most of the flowers and leaves belonged to bowls and cups. There were gaps between the flowers and leaves, and there was no dense image. The real objects can be found in the collection of Nanjing Palace Museum. Ganlong and Jiaqing developed to the extreme. Guangxu still saw them, but they have declined. According to the records of the Ganlong Internal Affairs Office, porcelain with different decorations is used in the palace according to different festivals. For the New Year, the "Three Yangs Reveal Thailand", for the Shangyuan Festival, the "Five Grains Grow Rich", for the Duanyang Festival, the "Yiye Lingfu", for the Tanabata Festival, the "Queqiao Fairy Ferry", for the Longevity Festival, the "Endless Longevity", for the Mid-Autumn Festival, the "Dangui Fragrance" ... for the painting of flowers, the symbol of "All Flowers Offer Switzerland". Moreover, it can also be used for worshipping Buddha, that is, those in power send thousands of flowers to worship Buddha to show the prosperity of the empire.

彩瓷之妙贵在工致，工致之本则在于良工与巧匠。其程式与工艺相当繁复，首先先需内务府造办处设计百花画样，交由御窑厂为粉本，乾隆时期的百花粉本比嘉庆时期层次更加鲜明，花朵更加疏密有致。再次由瓷工艺匠甚至直接由画师本人将画稿临摹勾勒于素胎上，期间要照顾器表不同于纸面的特殊之处。百花

露地者花饰遍身皆是，故临摹工作最难，而临摹画稿为施彩绘画之基础，一旦有误，全域皆变，任其彩料何等妍美，画手如何高超，亦无法弥补画稿原有之神韵。而且彩料配制之多堪称众瓷之首，百花

露地者一器之上所见颜色不下于三十余种，故绘画之前，彩瓷的所有颜料必须配备，种类繁多几近百种，均需一一调试。最后的填绘洗染，必经数人之手，方可入窑。故一器告成，历时数月之久，耗资甚巨，绝非其它御瓷可比。如此繁复之至必将注定百花

露地者烧造不多，极为罕见。

The beauty of colored porcelain lies in craftsmanship, while the essence of craftsmanship lies in good craftsmanship. The procedures and techniques are quite complicated. First, the internal affairs office must design a painting of flowers, which will be handed over to the Yuyao Factory as a powder copy. The 100-pollen copy in the Ganlong period is more distinct and the flowers are more dense than that in the Jiaqing period. Once again, the porcelain craftsman or even the painter himself will copy and outline the painting on the plain tire, taking care of the special difference between the instrument and the paper. Those who do not show their flowers all over the place have their decorations, so it is the most difficult to copy. Copying a manuscript is the basis of painting. If there is any mistake, the whole world will change. No matter how beautiful the color material is or how superb the artist is, it cannot make up for the original charm of the manuscript. Moreover, the number of color materials can be rated as the highest among all kinds of porcelain, and there are no less than 30 colors seen on one piece of porcelain without flowers appearing on the ground. Therefore, before painting, all pigments of color porcelain must be equipped with nearly 100 kinds, and all kinds of pigments must be adjusted one by one. The final filling, painting, washing and dyeing must be done by several people before entering the kiln. Therefore, it took several months to complete and cost a lot of money, which is by no means comparable to other imperial porcelain. It is extremely rare that so many complicated things are bound to be cooked by those who do not expose their flowers.

 

这款青花斗彩粉彩万花碗，敞口，深腹，圈足，底花丛中心书双方框“大清乾隆年制”蓝料款。器物整体造型庄重大方，外壁通体珐琅彩绘百花图，花团锦簇，绚丽缤纷，芬芳正浓，各尽其妍。花卉种类繁密，不胜分辨，使人仿佛置身百花丛中，目不暇接，细究其设计独具匠心，而色彩搭配与转换之妙恐非言语可表，彩料妍美，工致非凡，加之描金工艺添彩加色，愈加彰显出乾隆彩瓷无与伦比的华丽与尊贵，当为彩瓷之翘首，极具收藏价值。

This blue-and-white bowl with blue-and-white fighting colors, pastel and ten thousand flowers is open, deep-bellied, full-ringed, and has two frames of "Qing Gan Long Nian Zhi" blue material in the center of the bottom flower bush. The overall shape of the utensil is solemn and generous. The enamel painted flowers on the outer wall are full of colorful and fragrant flowers, each making its best use of its beauty. The variety of flowers is numerous and indistinguishable, which makes people seem to be surrounded by hundreds of flowers. A careful study of its design shows its originality. However, the wonderful color matching and conversion are beyond words. The color materials are beautiful and the work is extraordinary. In addition, the gold painting process adds color and color, which further highlights the incomparable magnificence and honor of Ganlong colored porcelain. It is the leader of colored porcelain and has great collection value.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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