古玩行2019精品推荐第12期：石陨石

陨石是由于小行星在自己轨道运行，并不断地发生着碰撞，有时就会被撞出轨道奔向地球，在进入大气层时，与之摩擦发出光热便是流星。流星进入大气层时，产生的高温，高压与内部不平衡，便发生爆炸，就形成陨石雨。未燃尽者落到地球上，就成了陨石。

Meteorites are meteors because asteroids move in their own orbits and collide constantly. Sometimes they will be knocked out of their orbits and run to the earth. When they enter the atmosphere, they will generate light and heat by friction. When a meteor enters the atmosphere, the high temperature, high pressure and internal imbalance will explode and form a meteorite shower. The unburned ones fall on the earth and become meteorites.

陨石绝大多数来自位于火星和木星之间的小行星，少数来自月球（40块）和火星（40块）。根据硅酸盐矿物成分特征,将石铁陨石划分为4种:①橄榄陨铁(类型符号P)，主要由橄榄石和组成基质的铁镍金属构成；②中铁陨石(M),主要由斜长石、辉石和铁镍组成;③古铜-鳞英铁陨石(S)，主要由铁镍、古铜辉石和鳞石英组成；④橄榄-古铜铁陨石(Lo),主要由铁镍、橄榄石和古铜辉石构成。橄榄陨铁和中铁陨石较多，其余两种类型较少。橄榄陨铁中铁镍金属的Ni含量约为8～15%,其成分与八面体铁陨石相似,橄榄石的成分为Fa12-22（橄榄石中的铁橄榄石分子的百分数），橄榄陨铁的冷却速率比八面体铁陨石低，认为它可能是来自陨石母体或小行星内部更深处。中铁陨石含有等量的硅酸盐和铁镍，铁镍中Ni的含量小于8.9%。随着目前市场的火热，价位在万元左右一克。

Most meteorites come from asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, and a few from the moon (40 pieces) and Mars (40 pieces). According to the composition characteristics of silicate minerals, there are four types of iron meteorites: ① olivine meteorite (type symbol P), which is mainly composed of olivine and iron nickel metal which forms the matrix; ② iron meteorite (m), which is mainly composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and iron nickel; ③ ancient copper - tridymite iron meteorite (s), which is mainly composed of iron nickel, ancient copper pyroxene and tridymite; ④ olivine - ancient copper iron meteorite (LO), which is mainly composed of iron nickel, olivine It is composed of olivine and pyroxene. There are more olivine meteorites and iron meteorites, and the other two types are less. The Ni content of iron and nickel metal in oliveometeorite is about 8-15%, and its composition is similar to that of octahedral iron meteorite. The composition of olivine is fa12-22 (the percentage of forsterite molecules in olivine). The cooling rate of oliveometeorite iron is lower than that of octahedral iron meteorite. It is thought that it may come from the mother of meteorite or deeper inside of asteroid. The content of Ni in Fe Ni is less than 8.9%. With the current hot market, the price is about 10000 yuan per gram.

陨石收藏作为新兴的收藏门类，其价格问题一直倍受陨石爱好者和新闻媒体的关注。陨石的种类决定其市场价格。 按照"物以稀为贵"的自然法则，陨石的价格主要由科研价值和数量决定，大多数陨石来自小行星带，小部分来自月球和火星。它们含有地球上不常见的矿物组合，或者地球上没有的球粒结构，也是人类直接认识太阳系各星体的实物标本，极具收藏价值。陨石先不说是不可再生的资源，数量又稀少，抛开巨大的科研价值不谈，仅收藏的稀有性就决定了陨石具有巨大的升值潜力。

As a new collection category, the price of meteorite collection has always attracted the attention of meteorite lovers and news media. The type of meteorite determines its market price. According to the natural law of "rare things are precious", the price of meteorites is mainly determined by the value and quantity of scientific research. Most meteorites come from the asteroid belt, and a small part from the moon and Mars. They contain unusual mineral assemblages on the earth, or spherical structures that are not found on the earth. They are also physical specimens of direct human knowledge of the stars in the solar system, which are of great collection value. Meteorites are not only non renewable resources, but also rare in quantity. Apart from the huge scientific research value, the rarity of collection determines that meteorites have great potential for appreciation.

随着近些年拍卖大幕的逐渐拉开，拍卖市场的热点事件成为媒体和大众关注的热点新闻。很多人收藏邮票、珠宝、字画、钱币，但是最近几年却兴起了另一股收藏热潮，那就是陨石收藏。在上世纪90年代，全球涉足陨石交易的人仅200人左右，而目前参与其中的已增至万余人。陨石在全球的价格，从原来的每磅几美元，攀升到现在堪比钻石的巨额数字，陨石收藏开始慢慢转变为“有钱人的游戏”。

With the gradual opening of the auction in recent years, the hot events in the auction market have become the hot news of the media and the public. Many people collect stamps, jewelry, calligraphy and paintings, coins, but in recent years, another collection boom has arisen, that is, meteorite collection. In the 1990s, there were only about 200 people involved in the meteorite trade in the world, and now the number of people involved has increased to more than 10000. The global price of meteorites has risen from a few dollars per pound to a huge number comparable to diamonds. Meteorite collection has gradually turned into a "game for the rich".

早在1993年，苏富比拍卖行以44.25万美元拍成交一块0.33克的月球陨石，其价值远远高于钻石。在2013年，乌鲁木齐有一块“拳头大”的陨石，标出8千万的天价。其令人难以相信的价钱预示着陨石在珍藏界的宏大冲击力，这就标志着陨石正式跻身具有投资珍藏功用的艺术品门类。科研人员可以通过研究这些陨石对早期宇宙了解更多，科研价值极高，一些发达国家必争之物，形成如今玻璃陨石疯涨局势，真正的一石千金。

As early as 1993, Sotheby's auction house sold a 0.33g lunar meteorite for 4425000 US dollars, which is much more valuable than diamonds. In 2013, Urumqi had a "big fist" meteorite with a price of 80 million yuan. Its unbelievable price indicates the great impact of meteorites in the field of collection, which marks that meteorites have officially become a kind of art with the function of investment and collection. Researchers can learn more about the early universe by studying these meteorites, which is of high scientific research value. Some developed countries must contend for it to form the current situation of glass meteorites skyrocketing, a real stone of gold.

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