古玩行2020精品推荐第3期：汉代玉璧

玉璧，是中国古代玉器中最为常见且流传最为久远的器类之一。其存在几乎贯穿整个古代玉器制作史，在近七千年的漫长岁月之中，玉璧见证了中国古代社会政治、经济、文化的演进。早在距今6000多年前的新石器时代良渚文化遗存中就有数量较多且制作较为精美的玉璧发现，其后绵延发展于殷商、两周直至政治统一、经济发展、玉文化繁荣的两汉达到鼎盛。

Jade Bi is one of the most common and long-standing jade wares in ancient China. Its existence almost runs through the whole history of ancient jade making. In the long history of nearly 7000 years, jade Bi witnessed the evolution of politics, economy and culture in ancient China. As early as 6000 years ago, there were a large number of jade Bi found in the remains of Liangzhu Culture in the Neolithic age. Later, it developed in Yin and Shang Dynasties and two weeks until the two Han Dynasties, which were politically unified, economically developed and jade culture flourished, reached its peak.

汉代玉璧：重46.7克，厚0.8公分，直径5.2公分

Yu Bi of Han Dynasty: 46.7g in weight, 0.8cm in thickness and 5.2cm in diameter

玉璧，是中国古代玉器中最为常见且流传最为久远的器类之一。其存在几乎贯穿整个古代玉器制作史，在近七千年的漫长岁月之中，玉璧见证了中国古代社会政治、经济、文化的演进。早在距今6000多年前的新石器时代良渚文化遗存中就有数量较多且制作较为精美的玉璧发现，其后绵延发展于殷商、两周直至政治统一、经济发展、玉文化繁荣的两汉达到鼎盛。汉代的玉璧主要用于礼仪、陪葬，有的玉璧也可用来装饰墙壁或作为嵌饰装点铜枕和带钩；一些较小的玉璧用作组玉佩的一部分供佩系，亦被称作系璧。

Jade Bi is one of the most common and most ancient jade wares in ancient China. Its existence runs through almost the entire history of ancient jade making. In the long years of nearly 7,000 years, jade has witnessed the evolution of politics, economy and culture in ancient China. As early as more than 6,000 years ago, there were a large number of well-made jade objects found in the Neolithic Liangzhu cultural relics, which developed continuously in the yin and Shang dynasties and reached its peak in the Han dynasties when politics was unified, economy developed and jade culture flourished. Jade in Han Dynasty was mainly used for etiquette and burial. Some jade could also be used to decorate walls or as inlays to decorate copper pillows and hooks. Some smaller jade pieces are used as a part of the group Yu Pei for wearing, also known as tie pieces.

此件汉代风格的浮雕龙纹玉璧。如上图所示，此件玉璧重量为46.7g，质地细腻而温润，线条圆润流畅，玉璧两面琢刻谷纹，缘周起棱，纹样精美，造型生动，是汉代玉器的珍品。此件玉璧形制规整，尺寸适中，纹饰刻画精细而华美，壁面打磨精细，触摸有圆滑、凸起之感，极具艺术品鉴价值和历史文化考究价值。

This Han Dynasty style relief dragon jade. As shown in the above figure, this jade piece weighs 46.7g, is delicate and warm in texture, with smooth and round lines. The two sides of the jade piece are carved with grain patterns, with edges on the edges. The pattern is exquisite and the shape is vivid. It is a treasure of jade in the Han Dynasty. This jade piece is regular in shape, moderate in size, fine and colorful in ornamentation, fine in wall polishing, smooth and convex in touch, and has great artistic value and historical and cultural value.

沁色是指玉器在环境中长期与水，土壤以及其他物质相接触，自然产生的水或矿物质风化侵蚀玉体，铁，锰等氧化物缓慢地侵入玉器使其部分或整体颜色发生变化的自然现象，色质是玉的自然属性，色即沁色，质指玉质，而沁色通常会成为一块古玉的重要鉴定标准。

Qinse refers to the natural phenomenon that jade articles have been in contact with water, soil and other substances for a long time in the environment. Naturally occurring water or minerals weather and erode the jade body. Iron, manganese and other oxides slowly invade the jade articles to change part or the whole color. Color quality is the natural attribute of jade. Color is Qinse, and quality refers to jade quality. Qinse usually becomes an important identification standard for an ancient jade.

汉代玉璧发现之多，器型、纹饰之丰富，制作之精美为各带玉璧之冠，是古代玉璧发展的鼎盛时期。此件藏品保存完好，纹饰丰富而繁荣，层次分明，相辅相成之间可见汉代高超的玉雕技艺和多彩文化。所以说，这件玉璧对于研究汉代玉器和古代玉文化演变有着重要的意义。

In Han Dynasty, there were many jade Bi found, various types of wares and patterns, and the exquisite production was the top of each jade Bi, which was the heyday of the development of jade Bi in ancient times. This collection is well preserved, rich and prosperous in ornamentation, with distinct layers, which complement each other with superb jade carving skills and colorful culture of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, this jade Bi is of great significance to the study of the evolution of the Han jade and ancient jade culture.

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