古玩行2020精品推荐第3期：中华民国三年壹圆银元

1912年4月袁世凯出任大总统。北洋政府鉴于当时铸币、纸币十分复杂，流通的中外货币在百种以上，规格不一，流通混乱，折算繁琐，民众积怨，同时也想借助货币改制以解决军费问题，便决定铸发国币。袁世凯为了提高自己的统治地位，趁机把他的头像铸于币面，“袁大头”由此而来。

Yuan Shikai became president in April 1912. In view of the complexity of coinage and paper money, the circulation of more than 100 kinds of Chinese and foreign currencies, different specifications, chaotic circulation, complicated conversion, and people's resentment, the Beiyang government also wanted to solve the problem of military expenditure by means of currency restructuring, so it decided to cast and issue national currency. In order to improve his ruling position, Yuan Shikai took the opportunity to cast his head on the coin, and "yuan Dadou" came from this.

袁世凯在就任中华民国大总统以后，为了“称帝”做准备，决定统一中国的币制，袁大头应运而生。民国三年造袁大头银元各版本正面图案大致相同，都是以袁世凯侧面像为主图，在头像上方印有“中华民国三年”字样，背面图案则会有些许不同。民国三年造分为普通版和稀少版，普通版是利用老模具铸造，有185道边齿，造两较大，单枚普通版袁大头市场参考价大致在500元左右;而稀少版则是由新模具铸造出来的，铸造量较少主要版本有“O”记版、粗发版、三角圆版、开口贝版、加铸“甘肃”两字版、签字版、以及T字边和鹰洋边等。

After Yuan Shikai became the president of the Republic of China, he decided to unify China's currency system in order to make preparations for "becoming emperor". In the three years of the Republic of China, the obverse designs of different versions of yuan Datou silver dollar were basically the same, with the main picture of Yuan Shikai's side image, and the words "three years of the Republic of China" printed on the top of the head image, while the back designs were slightly different. In the three years of the Republic of China, the common version was made by old mold, with 185 teeth and two big ones. The market reference price of a single common version was about 500 yuan; The rare version is cast by the new mold, with a small amount of casting. The main versions include "O" plate, rough hair plate, triangle round plate, open shell plate, plus cast "Gansu" two character plate, signature plate, and t-edge and Yingyang edge.

正面镌袁世凯侧面头像及发行年号，背面铸嘉禾纹饰与币值。《国币条例》公布同年先在天津造币厂铸造“袁大头”壹圆银币，后在南京、广东、武昌等造币厂陆续铸造。因袁大头壹圆银币币型划一，成色、重量有严格规定，很快受到了社会认同和接受，在国内金融市场上逐步取代了清朝的龙洋，成为流通领域的主币。

On the obverse, Yuan Shikai's side head and issue year are engraved, and on the reverse, Jiahe pattern and currency value are cast. In the same year, according to the regulations of the state on coins, yuan Datou one yuan silver coins were first minted in Tianjin mint, and then successively minted in Nanjing, Guangdong, Wuchang and other mints. Yuan Datou's one yuan silver coins were recognized and accepted by the society because of their uniform types, strict regulations on their quality and weight. They gradually replaced Longyang in the Qing Dynasty in the domestic financial market and became the main currency in the circulation field.

“袁大头”在货币收藏界被称为银元之宝，它是中国近千种近代银币中流传最广、影响最大的银元品种，也是近代中国币制变革中的一个重要角色。

"Yuan Datou" is known as the treasure of silver dollar in the field of currency collection. It is the most popular and influential silver dollar variety among nearly one thousand modern silver coins in China, and it is also an important role in the currency system reform of modern China.

针对近几年来钱币的市场行情，有藏家透露：“相比近两年不断低迷的国内艺术品市场行情，今年钱币显然要活跃很多，各板块精品迭出，精彩依旧，珍稀钱币成交价稳步提高，尤其是明清民国钱币异军突起，因存量稀少受到高端藏家青睐，成为钱币市场一个新的热点。

In view of the market situation of coins in recent years, some collectors revealed: "compared with the continuously depressed domestic art market in recent years, coins are obviously much more active this year, with many excellent products in various sectors, which are still brilliant, and the transaction price of rare coins is steadily increasing, especially the emergence of coins in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, which are favored by high-end collectors due to the scarcity of stocks and become a new currency market hotspot.

此枚民国三年“袁大头”壹圆银币，钱币正面中间为袁世凯戎装左侧面像，民国3年（1914年）版的上方为“中华民国三年”字样，背面图案是两株交叉的稻穗，中央为“壹圆”字样。该币的外环主要是直齿边，另外，还铸有少量工字边和花齿边。仍然保存完整，品相较好，正面留有钱庄的戳印更是应正了该枚钱币的真实性。

This one yuan silver coin of "yuan Datou" in the third year of the Republic of China, with the left side of Yuan Shikai's uniform in the middle of the obverse side, the three years of the Republic of China in the upper part of the third year of the Republic of China (1914) version, two crossed spikes on the back and the one yuan in the center. The outer ring of the coin is mainly straight toothed, in addition, a small number of I-shaped and flower toothed edges are also cast. The coin is still well preserved and has a good appearance. The stamp of the bank on the front of the coin is more accurate.

一枚小小的古钱币，蕴藏着丰富的历史元素。如今遗传在世的精品古钱币虽然并不多，但是每枚精品古币价值却是不菲。古钱币的价格是由存世量、艺术价值和历史价值判断的，而且随着市场供需关系的变化而产生不同程度的波动。而袁大头银元因其独有的艺术观赏价值和文物价值，在收藏界备受欢迎。

A small ancient coin contains rich historical elements. Although there are not many fine ancient coins inherited in the world, the value of each fine ancient coin is not poor. The price of ancient coins is determined by the amount of money, artistic value and historical value, and fluctuates with the change of market supply and demand. Yuan Datou silver dollar is very popular in the collection field because of its unique artistic and cultural value.

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