古玩行2020精品推荐第3期：红山文化玉猪龙印章

龙是我国古代对发现于红山等地的一种玉器的称呼。20世纪80年代，玉猪龙作为红山文化中最有代表性的器物，它曾给考古界带来过震撼和惊喜，也曾引起过许多专家、学者的遐思和猜想。

Dragon is an ancient name for jade found in Hongshan and other places. In the 1980s, yuzhulong, as the most representative utensil in Hongshan culture, has brought shock and surprise to archaeology, and also caused reverie and conjecture of many experts and scholars.

玉猪龙又名玉兽玦，被认为是龙的最早雏形，它是一种蜷体玉龙，肥头大耳，嘴和鼻子前部平齐，鼻梁上带有明显的皱纹，特别像猪头，躯体卷曲无足像蛇身，首尾相连，可谓亦猪亦蛇，同时龙体卷曲呈“Ｃ”形，刚劲有力，显现腾云驾雾的动感，就把猪和蛇结合起来，出现了猪首蛇身龙的形象。玉猪龙特殊的造型，与人类祖先的生存繁衍过程有着关联。这需要我们先从猪说起。

Yuzhulong, also known as jade beast Jue, is considered to be the earliest rudiment of dragon. It is a curled jade dragon with fat head and big ears. Its mouth is flush with the front of nose. There are obvious wrinkles on the bridge of nose, especially like pig's head. Its body is curled up without feet like snake's body. It is also called pig and snake. At the same time, the dragon's body is curled up in a "C" shape, strong and powerful, showing the movement of flying clouds and fog, so it combines pig and snake Up, there appeared the image of a pig headed snake body dragon. The special shape of yuzhulong is related to the survival and reproduction of human ancestors. We need to start with pigs.

一般来说，原始人的图腾大多来自于某种自然界客观存在的动植物，而原始艺术大多是对自然物的一种模仿。由于玉猪龙的头部明显具有猪的特征，大多数人认为玉猪龙的原型可能是猪。又因为它蜷曲的身体特别像虫，也有人认为玉猪龙的原型来源于金龟子的幼虫蛴螬。而据研究，红山文化玉猪龙的原型很可能是猪的早期胚胎。

Generally speaking, the totem of primitive people mostly comes from some kind of animals and plants that exist objectively in nature, while the primitive art is mostly a kind of imitation of natural objects. Because the head of yuzhulong has the characteristics of pig, most people think that the prototype of yuzhulong may be pig. Because its curled body is especially like a bug, some people think that the prototype of yuzhulong comes from the larva grub of the beetle. According to the research, the prototype of yuzhulong in Hongshan culture is probably the early embryo of pig.

此件雕刻精美的玉猪龙印章，印章底坐径3.9CM高2.45CM。总高5.5CM。红山文化玉猪龙。孤品保存完好，造型古朴憨拙，是典型的C型龙形态，头部夸张，眼睛、嘴部突出，身体卷曲，形神兼备，有新石器时代的明显特征，让人爱不释手。具有极高的历史、文化及艺术价值，收藏价值无可限量。

This jade pig dragon seal is exquisitely carved. Its bottom diameter is 3.9cm and its height is 2.45cm. The total height is 5.5cm. Hongshan Culture yuzhulong. It is a typical C-shaped dragon with exaggerated head, protruding eyes and mouth, curly body and both body and spirit. It has the obvious characteristics of the Neolithic age and is adorable. It has a high historical, cultural and artistic value and unlimited collection value.

古时有谚语“猪乃龙象”一说，于是在日后玉猪龙也作为一种身份和地位的象征，也是目前所知时代最早的龙形器物之一。玉猪龙的形象，实质上不仅仅是视觉“美”的享受，更重要的是通过半兽半神的动物崇拜，形成人与神灵两者之间彼此的沟通，而得到神力庇佑的满足。

There is a saying in ancient times that "pig is a dragon". So yuzhulong is also a symbol of identity and status in the future. It is also one of the earliest dragon shaped artifacts known at present. The image of yuzhulong, in essence, is not only the enjoyment of visual "beauty", but also the satisfaction of God's protection through the animal worship of half beast and half god to form the communication between human and God.

当红山文化已经出现宗教祭祀和神灵崇拜时，猪就自然而然会成为原始先民的通灵之物和权力的象征，这样猪的形象就会逐渐演变成龙的形象。在作为敬神的玉猪龙造型上，也留下了这种心灵许愿结构的模式，使艺术化了的形制与纹样，给佩带者因佩带这个神物，而服务于原始宗教，并成了拥有崇高权力地位的神化了的人。

When religious sacrifice and deity worship have appeared in Hongshan culture, the pig will naturally become the symbol of the original ancestors' spiritual things and power, so the image of the pig will gradually evolve into the image of Jackie Chan. In the shape of yuzhulong, which is a worshiping God, it also leaves the structure of spiritual vow, which makes the artistic shape and pattern, and makes the wearer serve the primitive religion because of wearing the deity, and become a deified person with high power status.

玉猪龙作为一种古老的玉器造型，它是玉文化升华的产物，是龙图腾崇拜结下的硕果。它不是一种单纯的玉器，而是凝结我们祖先的情感和信仰、智慧和理念的神奇法宝。我们应该用一种虔诚的眼光来欣赏它，以一种真挚的情怀来品味它。

Yuzhulong, as an ancient jade shape, is the product of the sublimation of jade culture and the fruit of dragon totem worship. It is not a pure jade, but a magic magic weapon that condenses the feelings and beliefs, wisdom and ideas of our ancestors. We should appreciate it with a devout eye and taste it with a sincere feeling.

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