精品推荐：宋代黑定龙纹碗

定窑黑釉：定窑是宋代六大窑系之一，是继唐代邢窑白瓷之后兴起的一大瓷窑体系。定窑主要分布在今河北省保定市曲阳县的涧磁村及东燕川村、西燕川村一带。考古资料表明，定窑创烧于唐，盛于北宋及金，终于元。定窑以烧制白釉瓷著称，但也烧制高质量的黑釉瓷，即黑定。关于黑定的文献记载比较重要的有，明曹昭《格古要论》：“有紫定色紫，有墨定色黑如漆，土俱白，其价高于白定，俱出定州。”明张应文《清秘藏》：“定窑有光素凸花二种，以白色为正，白骨而加以釉水有如泪痕者佳，间有紫色、黑色者，不甚珍也。”明许次纾《茶疏》：“茶欧，古取定窑兔毛花者，亦斗碾茶之用耳。”

Dingyao black glaze: Dingyao is one of the six kiln systems in Song Dynasty, which is a big porcelain system rising after the white porcelain of Xing kiln in Tang Dynasty. Dingyao is mainly distributed in Jianci village, Quyang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province. Archaeological data show that Dingyao was founded in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, and finally reached Yuan Dynasty. Dingyao is famous for firing white glazed porcelain, but also firing high-quality black glazed porcelain, that is, heiding. There are some important documents about heiding. In the book of gegu Yaolun by Cao Zhao of Ming Dynasty, "there are purple, ink, black and white. The price is higher than that of baiding, and they all come out of Dingzhou." "There are two kinds of light, plain and protruding flowers in Ding kiln. They are white, white bone and glaze water. It's better to have purple and black between them. It's not very precious." "Tea Europe," said Xu Shishu in the Ming Dynasty, "used to be used to grind tea with the ears of the people who used to take Ding kiln rabbit hair flowers."

定窑黑釉瓷色黑如漆，手感光滑润泽，其釉面光可鉴人。黑定施釉有厚薄之分，釉成分中氧化铁含量较高，经高温还原后成了三氧化二铁，因而色泽钳黑。黑定物件的口沿因高温下釉流动快速而形成了一道不规则的酱口，透过酱口可见其胎的白色。黑定施釉多数不及底，底部均露胎之原色，强烈的色彩反差，给黑定增添了一种神秘的色彩。

Dingyao black glaze porcelain is as black as paint, with smooth and moist hand feel, and its glaze is light to see people. Heiding glaze can be divided into thick and thin glaze. The content of iron oxide in glaze composition is high. After high temperature reduction, it becomes iron oxide, so the color is black. Because of the rapid flow of underglaze at high temperature, the mouth of heiding object forms an irregular sauce mouth, through which the white of its embryo can be seen. Most of the glaze in heiding is not as good as the bottom. The primary color of the bottom is exposed. The strong color contrast adds a mysterious color to heiding.

这是一件宋代定窑黑釉龙纹碗，其胎质细腻，坚致泛白，釉色乌金闪亮，釉面光滑，光泽程度几乎赛过镜面。碗敞口斜腹，低圈足。内外施黑釉，碗内刻划云龙纹，阿娜多姿。该碗造型线条流畅，比例协调，敦实稳重，保存完好，为定窑黑釉（黑定）中的精品之作。

This is a Song Dynasty Dingyao black glaze dragon shaped bowl. It has a delicate texture, firm and white color, shiny black gold glaze, smooth glaze, and almost surpassing the mirror. The bowl is open to the stomach and low to the feet. The inside and outside are covered with black glaze, and the inside of the bowl is engraved with cloud and dragon patterns. Ana is colorful. The bowl has smooth lines, coordinated proportions, solid and stable shape, and is well preserved. It is a masterpiece of Dingyao black glaze (heiding).

宋代定窑黑釉瓷色黑如漆，手感光滑润泽，其釉面光可鉴人。黑定施釉有厚薄之分，釉成分中氧化铁含量较高，经高温还原后成了三氧化二铁，因而色泽钳黑。黑定物件的口沿因高温下釉流动快速而形成了一道不规则的酱口，透过酱口可见其胎的白色。黑定施釉多数不及底，底部均露胎之原色，强烈的色彩反差，给黑定增添了一种神秘的色彩。

Dingyao black glazed porcelain in Song Dynasty is as black as paint, with smooth and moist hand feel, and its glaze is light to see people. Heiding glaze can be divided into thick and thin glaze. The content of iron oxide in glaze composition is high. After high temperature reduction, it becomes iron oxide, so the color is black. Because of the rapid flow of underglaze at high temperature, the mouth of heiding object forms an irregular sauce mouth, through which the white of its embryo can be seen. Most of the glaze in heiding is not as good as the bottom. The primary color of the bottom is exposed. The strong color contrast adds a mysterious color to heiding.

宋代黑定从釉面上观察可分为三等，第一等釉面漆黑光亮，光可鉴人，正如曹昭在《格古要论》中所称“有墨定色黑如漆”。此类残片的胎质洁白，瓷化程度较高，断面气孔很少，可见烧结温度较高。第二类釉面黑中透黄褐色，胎质瓷化程度一般，断面不甚平整，气孔可见。第三类釉面中带有“窑变”色，或者带有浅浅的银色短兔毫，或者带有笔尖大小的银色圆油滴，或者犹如建窑的褐兔毫，黑中涌出酱色的波浪兔毫，但是整体还是以黑色为主题，也被归类到黑定中。黑定一现即天价。

In Song Dynasty, heiding can be divided into three grades according to the glaze. The first-class glaze finish is black and bright, which can be seen from the light. As Cao Zhao said in the gegu Yaolun, "there is ink to fix the color as black as paint". This kind of debris has white body, high degree of porcelain, few pores on the cross-section and high sintering temperature. The second kind of glaze is black to yellowish brown, the porcelain degree of fetal is general, the section is not very flat, and the pores are visible. The third kind of glaze has a "kiln change" color, or a light silver short rabbit hair, or a silver round oil drop with the size of the pen tip, or just like the brown rabbit hair of the kiln, the brown wave rabbit hair emerges from the black, but the overall theme is black, which is also classified into black Ding. The price is high when it's set in the dark.

黑定瓷自古便是十分珍贵的品种，价值也在白定之上，完整传世者更少，除各大博物馆馆藏之外，世面所见寥寥无几，更推升了它的价值。2002年香港佳士得秋季拍卖会中，一件“北宋定窑黑釉鹧鸪斑盌”以1314万元的价格成交，这还是早年的价格，放到如今，几乎可媲美2014年香港苏富比1.16亿元成交的“北宋定窑划花八棱大盌”。

Heiding porcelain has been a very precious variety since ancient times, and its value is also higher than baiding. There are fewer complete heiding porcelain. Apart from the collections of major museums, there are few in the world, which promotes its value. In the 2002 Christie's autumn auction in Hong Kong, a piece of "Dingyao black glazed partridge spot in the Northern Song Dynasty" was sold at a price of 13.14 million yuan, which is still the price of the early years. Today, it is almost comparable to the "Dingyao flower eight ridges Big Bang" sold in 2014 by Sotheby's in Hong Kong.

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