精品推荐：清代开片碗

哥釉器，亦名碎釉瓷，始于宋代，是宋代五大名窑之一，但宋代哥釉传世极少。哥釉瓷有一个重要的特征是釉面开片，这是瓷器釉面的一种自然开裂现象。明代时期，景德镇成功烧制哥釉器。从永宣至成化，哥釉瓷已经达到了尽善尽美的程度，尤以成化仿哥釉瓷瓶、斗笠碗、炉等为主流，釉层莹润，光泽内敛，也成功烧出了金钩铁线。目前，成化仿哥釉瓷已经难觅踪影。明晚期至清乾隆，哥釉瓷再一次达到顶峰。其细碎的纹片，肥厚的釉层成为当时瓷器争相效仿的宠儿。哥釉青花龙纹是在玉质般的哥釉上面描绘鲜艳、明亮的青花，使古典的青花与皇室龙纹相得益彰，互为衬托，极为美观。哥釉器青花纹饰一经推出，一时成为备受追捧的“香饽饽”。晚明至清代的哥釉青花被景德镇大窑、名窑纷纷仿制。在众多窑址中，一些为官烧制的青花瓷为与民间款以示不同，题“官”字以示区别，字体采用宋代常见的款识，也有些用浅刻纹，因此普遍出现小器大开片、大器小开片的哥釉瓷现象。

Ge Glaze ware, also known as broken glazed porcelain, started in Song Dynasty and is one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, but Ge Glaze in Song Dynasty is rarely handed down. An important feature of Ge glaze porcelain is the opening of glaze, which is a natural cracking phenomenon of porcelain glaze. During the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen successfully fired Ge glaze ware. From Yongxuan to Chenghua, Ge glaze porcelain has reached perfection, especially Chenghua imitation Ge glaze porcelain bottle, hat bowl, furnace, etc. are the mainstream. The glaze layer is bright and moist, the luster is restrained, and the golden hook iron wire has been successfully burned. At present, Chenghua imitation Ge glaze porcelain is hard to find. From the late Ming Dynasty to Qingganlong, Ge glaze porcelain reached its peak again. Its fine grain and thick glaze layer became the favorite of porcelain at that time. Brother glaze blue-and-white dragon pattern depicts bright blue-and-white on jade-like brother glaze, which makes classical blue-and-white and royal dragon pattern bring out the best in each other and set off each other. Once the blue-and-white ornamentation of Ge Glaze ware was launched, it became a sought-after "hot cake". From the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the blue and white glaze of his brother was copied by Jingdezhen big kilns and famous kilns. Among many kiln sites, some blue-and-white porcelain fired for the official is different from folk ones, and the word "official" is used to show the difference. The fonts are common in Song Dynasty, and some are shallow engraved. Therefore, the phenomenon of glaze porcelain with small pieces and big pieces is common.

传说古时，浙江龙泉青瓷世家有兄弟二人烧窑，哥哥的烧窑技术比弟弟高明，招致了弟弟的嫉恨。为破坏哥哥声誉，弟弟偷偷在哥哥配好的釉料中添加了许多草木灰，想让他烧出坏的瓷品。被蒙在鼓里的哥哥照常烧窑，烧好后开窑一看，满窑瓷器釉面全部裂开了，但裂得很奇特，有的像冰裂纹，有的像鱼仔纹，还有的像蟹爪纹。哥哥看到这些，傻眼了，万般无奈之下，他只得硬着头皮将这批瓷器拿到市场上准备低价处理掉。谁料，人们却对这种带有裂纹的瓷器产生了极大兴趣，一抢而空。从此，哥窑瓷器名扬天下。

It is said that in ancient times, Zhejiang Longquan celadon aristocratic family had two brothers who fired kilns. The elder brother's kiln burning skills were better than his younger brother's, which caused his younger brother's jealousy. In order to damage his brother's reputation, the younger brother secretly added a lot of plant ash to his glaze to make him burn out the broken porcelain. His brother, who was kept in the dark, fired the kiln as usual. When he opened the kiln, he found that all the glaze of the porcelain was cracked, but the cracks were very strange. Some were like ice cracks, some were like fish baby patterns, and some were like crab claw patterns. Brother saw these, silly, helpless, he had to brave the head to take this batch of porcelain to the market, ready to dispose of it at a low price. Unexpectedly, people had a great interest in this kind of porcelain with cracks, and they rushed out. From then on, Ge kiln porcelain became famous all over the world.

哥窑瓷器的造型庄重、古朴典雅，釉色淡雅自然，尤以独特神奇的纹片装饰而著称。这是发生在釉面上的一种自然开裂现象，原本是瓷器烧制中的缺陷，却被匠人加以利用，从而产生了一种独特的美感，以至倍受推崇，后朝历代均有仿制。许多瓷器在烧制过程中，为了追求工艺一般都不允许有太多的釉面的开裂纹片，但哥窑却将“开片”的美发挥到了极致，产生了“金丝铁线”这一哥窑的典型特征：由于开片大小不同，深浅层次不同，胎体露出的部位因氧化或受污染程度也不尽相同，致使开片纹路呈色不一。哥窑瓷器釉面大开片纹路呈铁黑色，称“铁线”，小开片纹路呈金黄色，称“金丝”。“金丝铁线”使平静的釉面产生韵律美。

Ge kiln porcelain is solemn, simple and elegant, and its glaze color is light and natural. It is famous for its unique and magical decorative patterns. This is a natural cracking phenomenon on the glaze. It was originally a defect in porcelain firing, but it was used by craftsmen, which produced a unique aesthetic feeling and was highly praised. It was imitated in the later dynasties. Many porcelain in the process of firing, in order to pursue the process, generally do not allow too many cracks in the glaze, but Ge kiln has the beauty of "open piece" to the extreme, resulting in "gold wire" which is a typical feature of Ge kiln: due to the different size and depth of the slice, the exposed parts of the carcass are not the same due to oxidation or pollution, resulting in the split lines Different colors. Ge kiln porcelain glaze large slice grain is iron black, known as "iron wire", small pieces of grain is golden yellow, known as "gold wire". "Gold wire" makes the smooth glaze produce rhythmic beauty.

此件清代中期哥釉开片大碗，此碗韵味十足，造型古拙，修口，弧腹，圆足。制器有度，典雅秀美，其胎骨紧致细腻，釉质莹润自然，且绘工娴熟，线条流畅，稳重，通体施仿哥釉，釉水极为肥厚，釉色古朴典雅，自然开金丝铁线纹片，大小交织，深浅相间，相互辉映，天然成趣，典型“金丝铁线”。藏品从制作工艺、胎质、包括上釉、都十分讲究，也更为完美。因其存世数量极少而难得，故此件开片大碗从其历史价值、科学价值、艺术价值上讲，均具有相当高的收藏价值。

This large bowl of Ge glaze in the middle of Qing Dynasty is full of charm. It has a simple and unsophisticated shape. It has a curved belly and round feet. It is made in a proper way, elegant and beautiful. Its fetal bone is tight and delicate, the glaze is smooth and natural, and the painting is skillful. The lines are smooth and steady. The glaze is full of imitation Ge glaze. The glaze is very thick. The glaze color is simple and elegant. It is naturally made of gold wire and iron wire. The size is interwoven and the depth is alternating. It reflects each other. It is natural and interesting. It is a typical "gold wire". Collection from the production process, quality, including glaze, are very exquisite, but also more perfect. Because of its rare quantity, this large open bowl has a high collection value in terms of its historical value, scientific value and artistic value.

中国陶瓷经过千百年来的发展，到了“清三代”，瓷器烧制技术已经相当成熟，匠师们发挥智慧，精工巧制，很多精品更是彰显出了其他朝代少有的那种高雅和富贵，使瓷器具有了极高的艺术价值。清三代的瓷器与前朝相比，材质，选料更加精细，画工更加精细柔美，釉色鲜明，技术也更加精湛。所以，清三代的许多瓷器精品在拥有历史价值，文化价值的同时，具有很高的艺术价值。

After thousands of years' development, Chinese ceramics reached the "Three Dynasties of Qing Dynasty". The firing technology of porcelain was quite mature, and the craftsmen used their wisdom and skillful workmanship. Many fine products showed the elegance and wealth that were rare in other dynasties, which made porcelain have extremely high artistic value. Compared with the previous dynasties, the porcelain of the Qing Dynasty was more refined in materials and materials, more delicate and feminine in painters, bright in glaze color and more exquisite in technology. Therefore, many fine porcelain products of the Qing Dynasty have high artistic value as well as historical value and cultural value.

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