古玩城2020精品 推荐第五期：青花釉里红

青花釉里红瓷，俗称“青花加紫”或“釉里红”，始于元代，流行于明初。是釉下彩瓷的一种，在青花间用铜红加绘纹饰，然后施透明釉经过高温还原气氛烧成，在釉里透出红色的纹样，以色彩绚美著称。

Blue and white underglaze red porcelain, commonly known as "blue and white plus purple" or "underglaze red", began in the Yuan Dynasty and was popular in the early Ming Dynasty. It is a kind of underglaze color porcelain. It is decorated with copper red between blue and white, and then transparent glaze is applied. It is fired in a high temperature reducing atmosphere. The red pattern is shown in the glaze, which is famous for its gorgeous color.

其特点既有青花的“幽靓雅到致，沉静安定”的特色，又增添了釉里红的浑厚壮丽，丰富了色彩效果，形成了高雅而又朴实的艺术风格。因此，青花釉里红瓷是我国珍贵的品种之一。

The characteristics of blue and white not only have the characteristics of "elegant and elegant, quiet and stable" of blue and white, but also add the vigorous and magnificent underglaze red, enrich the color effect, and form an elegant and simple artistic style. Therefore, blue and white underglaze red porcelain is one of the precious varieties in China.

在明朝，釉里红瓷得到了极大的发展，铜红料的使用及釉里红器的烧制技术都已经成熟，从原料萃取、制作成型、绘画装饰到烧制工艺都有了突破，釉里红线绘装饰也多了起来。

In the Ming Dynasty, underglaze red porcelain has been greatly developed. The use of copper red materials and the firing technology of underglaze red ware have been mature. Breakthroughs have been made in the extraction of raw materials, production and molding, painting and decoration, and firing technology. The line painting decoration of underglaze red has also increased.

从实物遗存量上比较，甚至比青花瓷还多。明代早期的制品多呈黑红，不够鲜艳，甚至有些烧成了“釉里黑”也未被打碎埋掉。即便如此，此类品种贯穿明朝始终，坚持不懈。中、晚期多呈较纯正红色。风格古朴、厚重，器型硕大，纹饰丰满，气势夺人，充分展示了明朝开国之君的胸怀与气度。

Compared with the amount of relics, it is even more than blue and white porcelain. In the early Ming Dynasty, most of the products were black and red, which were not bright enough. Even some of the products were "underglaze black" and were not broken and buried. Even so, such varieties throughout the Ming Dynasty, unremitting. In the middle and late stage, it is mostly pure red. The style is simple and heavy, the shape of the utensil is huge, the decoration is plump, and the momentum is impressive, which fully shows the mind and bearing of the founder of the Ming Dynasty.

观此明代青花釉里茶壶，高19.2公分，口径5.6公分，底径6.6公分，釉质肥厚、滋润、釉色发青白。器型高大庄重，壶口微微外撇，鼓腹渐收，美观大方。瓶口以叶子纹装饰，瓶身上方为釉里红镂空雕花卉，全器造型古朴规整，胎地细致洁白，青花色泽明快，淡雅细腻，釉里红牡丹花卉色泽艳丽，高雅，整体构图疏朗有致，绘工娴熟，线条流畅而稳重，纹饰优雅而不失灵动，观赏价值极高。

The teapot is 19.2 cm in height, 5.6 cm in diameter and 6.6 cm in bottom diameter. Its glaze is thick, moist and bluish white. The shape is tall and solemn, the mouth of the pot is slightly turned out, and the drum belly is gradually closed, which is beautiful and generous. The mouth of the bottle is decorated with leaf patterns. The top of the bottle is decorated with underglaze red hollowed out flowers. The shape of the whole vase is simple and regular. The ground is delicate and white. The blue and white flowers are bright and elegant. The overall composition is sparse and elegant. The painting is skilled, the lines are smooth and steady, and the decorative patterns are elegant and flexible. The ornamental value is very high.

瓷器烧造时需要一种环境，专业术语叫“气氛”，瓷器都是在某种气氛中烧成的。一般来说气氛就是两种：一种是氧化，一种是还原。简单来说，就是炉子开着火门，有充分的氧气进去，就叫氧化气氛。而关着窑门，闷着火，就称为还原气氛。釉里红就是闷着火烧出来的。闷着火烧是一项考验技术的活，温度一低，颜色就会变黑，烧出来的瓷器就不好看。温度高了，颜色就飞了，没了。古代不像现在，有电子程序调控这种设备帮忙调控温度，所以釉里红是只有丰富工作经验的老窑工才能看出来的，从这点就能看出釉里红瓷器的珍贵程度。

When porcelain is fired, it needs an environment, which is called "atmosphere". Porcelain is fired in a certain atmosphere. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of atmosphere: one is oxidation, the other is reduction. In short, the furnace is open fire door, there is sufficient oxygen in, called oxidation atmosphere. When the kiln door is closed and the fire is stuffy, it is called reducing atmosphere. Underglaze red is a smoldering fire. A stuffy fire is a test of technology. When the temperature is low, the color will turn black, and the porcelain will not look good. When the temperature is high, the color will fly, no more. In ancient times, unlike today, there was an electronic program to control the temperature, so only experienced old killers could see the underglaze red. From this point, we can see the value of underglaze red porcelain.

中国是世界上的陶瓷古国，早在八千年前的新石器时代，我们的祖先就已经制造和使用了陶器，瓷器则更是我们中国的发明，对人类文明的发展有着十分重要的意义。虽然青花釉里红制作极其困难，但是其成品极为美观，各代皇帝更是爱不释手。

China is an ancient country of ceramics in the world. As early as 8000 years ago in the Neolithic age, our ancestors had already made and used pottery. Porcelain is an invention of China, which is of great significance to the development of human civilization. Although the blue and white underglaze red is extremely difficult to make, the finished product is extremely beautiful, and the emperors of various dynasties are even more fond of it.

青花釉里红瓷器，不仅在工艺上体现它的名贵与成就，而且具有丰富的文化内涵，加上其稀少的特点，一件保存完好，品相极佳的青花釉里红瓷器，是各收藏家所梦寐以求，炙手可热的珍贵藏品，具有极高的收藏观赏价值。

The blue and white underglaze red porcelain not only reflects its rarity and achievement in craft, but also has rich cultural connotation. In addition, it has its rare characteristics. A well preserved blue and white underglaze red porcelain with excellent appearance is a precious collection that all collectors dream of and has a very high collection value.

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