艺品在线2020精品推荐第5期：乾隆粉彩攒盘

从头而论，“攒”在《说文解字》中释为“聚也”。顾名思义，“攒盘”是指将数件盘子相攒组合而成，故而其又称“拼盘”、“全盘”，虽属“盘”类，但独具匠心处单在一“攒”字。

From the beginning, "Ju" is interpreted as "Ju Ye" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi. As the name implies, "saving plate" refers to the combination of several plates, so it is also called "platter" and "whole plate". Although it belongs to the category of "plate", its originality lies in the word "saving".

不管是考古发现还是传世实物，攒盘最早只见有明代万历时期的实物。故而业界多认为此时为攒盘的正始。

Whether it is archaeological discovery or handed down from ancient times, there are only objects from Wanli period of Ming Dynasty in the earliest time. Therefore, many people in the industry think that this time is the The Zhengshi era of saving.

此件乾隆粉彩攒盘胎质纯净，釉色明丽，色彩巧妙，搭配自然。整体造型呈方形，由四件规格一致的组件拼合而成。线条笔直，曲线优美，每盘皆绘人物、风景图画，件件画意不同，手法熟练，画面丰富，意境尽出，美观典雅。

This Qianlong pastel saving plate has pure fetal quality, bright glaze color, clever color and natural matching. The overall shape is square, which is made up of four components with the same specifications. The lines are straight and the curves are beautiful. Each plate is painted with figures and landscapes, with different painting meanings, skilled techniques, rich pictures, full artistic conception and beautiful elegance.

清中期的攒盘有此盛景，皆因皇帝喜好、百官争献之故。比如铜胎画珐琅攒盘多以色地装饰为主，即在黄地、蓝地、绿地上绘制图案和纹样；器物底部和口沿露出的铜胎线条，又常常镀金修饰；纹样题材多寓意吉祥如意、多福多寿。器物整体呈现华丽富贵、精致奢华的风格，但大多为宫廷制作，民间罕有流传。

In the mid-Qing Dynasty, there was such a magnificent scene in the saving plate, which was due to the emperor's preference and the hundred officials' struggle for sacrifice. For example, the enamel plate of copper tire painting is mainly decorated with color, that is, drawing patterns and patterns on yellow land, blue land and green land; The copper tire lines exposed at the bottom and edge of the utensils are often gold-plated and decorated; Patterns and themes imply good luck, happiness and longevity. The objects are gorgeous, rich, exquisite and luxurious as a whole, but most of them are made by the court and rarely spread among the people.

更能体现此时的攒盘竭力精益求精的是，制作上开创了集盖、攒盘、盘托为一体的配套器具之先河，影响深远。此法不仅避免了脏物的落入，保证了食物的新鲜，而且设计更人性化。

It can better reflect that the saving plate strives for perfection at this time, and it is the first of its kind to set cover, saving plate and supporting plate, which has far-reaching influence. This method not only avoids the falling of dirt and ensures the freshness of food, but also makes the design more humane.

正因攒盘的普世之用，多在江西景德镇和广州制作的陶瓷攒盘便也针对不同的使用群体而少精多粗。少精者，如不见制作昂贵的铜胎画珐琅，而开始流行紫砂胎画珐琅或施釉的攒盘；多粗者，如胎质不细偶泛铁点，釉面也会有桔皮现象，造型不规矩周正，直线不直、倒角有变形等；甚至为省工节时，此时的陶瓷攒盘大多无底足或底部这一平面不施釉。

Because of the universal use of saving plates, ceramic saving plates made in Jingdezhen and Guangzhou, Jiangxi Province, are less refined and thicker for different users. Those who are less refined, such as not making expensive copper tire painting enamel, began to popularize purple sand tire painting enamel or glazed plates; Those who are thick, such as the fetal quality is not fine and even iron spots, the glaze will also have orange peel phenomenon, the shape is irregular and geometric, the straight line is not straight, and the chamfer is deformed; Even to save labor and time, most of the ceramic plates at this time have no bottom or the bottom plane is not glazed.

攒盘之妙巧可人就在于若干体量均等、形制规整、各自独立却又相互勾连的小盘攒聚组合，再在盘中盛上各色瓜果、小菜和点心，瓜果五颜六色、菜蔬荤素穿插、点心酥软搭配，形状上块、片、丁、丝互补，味道上酸、甜、咸、辣皆宜，该是一道多么赏心悦目、怡心怡口的精雅小宴呢！更为可贵者，收纳方便又巧于展示，一扫其他器皿各自为营、见多则显狼藉的尴尬。

The beauty of saving dishes lies in the combination of several small dishes which are equal in size, regular in shape, independent but linked with each other, and then they are filled with various melons and fruits, small dishes and snacks. The fruits and fruits are colorful, the vegetables and meat are interspersed with each other, the snacks are soft and matched, the shapes are complementary to each other, and the tastes are sour, sweet, salty and spicy. What a feast for the eyes and heart What is more valuable is that it is convenient to store and skillful to display. When you sweep away other utensils, it will be embarrassing if you see more.

虽然攒盘的使用如今并不多见，但已见复兴的端倪——新春佳节，各家盛放各类干果的盘盒已多见攒盘之雏形。而这正是因为攒盘不断蜕变的组件、形制、色彩、纹饰、材质，让攒盘玲珑秀气亦不少气量，精工细巧亦不乏实用。

Although the use of saving plates is rare nowadays, there are signs of revival-during the Spring Festival, the embryonic form of saving plates has been seen in various boxes containing various dried fruits. This is precisely because of the ever-changing components, shapes, colors, ornamentation and materials of the storage plate, which makes the storage plate exquisite and delicate, as well as exquisite and practical.

有着四五百年历史积淀的攒盘，是中国古人生活态度、民俗情趣的寄托，亦是中国传统造物文化、人文思想、审美能力的承载。

With a history of four or five hundred years, it is the sustenance of ancient Chinese people's life attitude and folk taste, as well as the bearing of Chinese traditional creation culture, humanistic thought and aesthetic ability.

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