古玩城2020精品推荐 第八期：中华民国二十三年帆船币壹圆银币

“船洋”是国民政府在上世纪30年代铸造的海洋帆船图案银币的俗称。民国二十二年(1933年),国民党南京政府决定放弃采用金本位币制计划,确定银本位币制，并规定孙像双帆帆船银币为国币。上海中央造币厂于二十二年和二十三年开铸此币,曾大量发行流通, 在我国近代发行的上千种老银币中，船洋银币 其影响仅次于“袁大头”银币。

"Chuanyang" is the common name of the silver coin with the pattern of ocean sailboat, which was made by the national government in the 1930s. In 1933, the KMT Nanjing government decided to abandon the gold standard monetary system, determined the silver standard currency system, and stipulated Sun Xiang's double sail sailboat silver coin as the national currency. In the twenty-two and twenty-three years, Shanghai Central Mint began to issue this coin. Among thousands of old silver coins issued in modern China, the influence of Chuanyang silver coin was second only to yuan Datou silver coin.

1929年初，财政部邀外国人设计新币，后由美、日、英、意、奥五国造币公司根据同一草图试造了一批孙中山侧像样币，并在杭州试铸少量样品。南京政府并未直接采用外国样币，而是依据委过设计，于民国二十一年(1932年)发行了少量孙像帆船银币，正面为孙中山侧面像，背面为帆船放洋图，船首前方放射一束日光，天幕上有三只飞鸟。寓意“国运”、“一帆风顺”、“旭日东升”。但由于“九.一八“事变爆发后，全国兴起抗日高潮 ，民众对”船洋“背面众说纷纭，认为三鸟形象如日本飞机，而日光酷似太阳旗，故收回重铸。

At the beginning of 1929, the Ministry of Finance invited foreigners to design new coins. Later, the mint companies of the United States, Japan, Britain, Italy and Austria tried to make a batch of Sun Yat Sen's profile coins according to the same sketch, and a small number of samples were cast in Hangzhou. In 1932, the Nanjing government issued a small number of silver coins of the Sun Yat sen in 1932. The front of the coin is a profile of Sun Yat Sen, and the back is a picture of the sailing boat. There is a beam of sunlight in front of the bow, and there are three flying birds on the sky. It means "national fortune", "smooth sailing" and "rising sun in the East". However, after the outbreak of the September 18th Incident, the Anti Japanese climax rose in the whole country. People had different opinions on the back of "Chuanyang". They thought that the image of the three birds was like a Japanese plane, and the sun was like a sun flag, so they took it back and recast it.

民国二十二年(1933年)三月，国民政府正式”费两改圆“，国民党政府财政部颁布了《废两改元令》和《银本位铸造条例》，决定结束各省分铸银元的局面，将银币的铸造权收归于设在上海的中央造币厂，并决定先从上海实施废两改元，规定从当年4月6日起，所有公私款项的收付，须一律改用银币，不得再用银两交易。同年，一种新式的银币--“船洋”开始在上海中央造币厂铸造。且将设计新颖，正面铸孙中山头像，背面双帆放洋图的“船洋”定为正式国币。

In March of the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), the national government officially "changed the two fees into yuan". The Ministry of finance of the Kuomintang government promulgated the "order of abolishing the two to change the yuan" and the "silver standard casting regulations". It was decided to end the situation of dividing the silver coins into silver coins in each province. It was decided that the minting right of silver coins should be transferred to the Central Mint in Shanghai The receipt and payment of private money must be changed into silver currency instead of silver. In the same year, a new type of silver coin, Chuanyang, began to be minted at Shanghai Central Mint. The new design, Sun Yat Sen's head on the front, and the "boat ocean" with double sails on the back, is the official national currency.

此枚“中华民国二十三年帆船币壹圆银币”为例，系民国二十三年上海中央造币厂所铸。正面镌刻孙中山先生侧面头像，上方镌“中华民国二十三年”，背面镌双桅帆船在乘风破浪前进，左右分列“壹圆”币值。在币面的设计方面，双帆币是凝聚着千百名工艺技师的智慧源泉和美学独特视角，品相极好，整体造型和谐，图案设计精美，再加上两帆的非常稀少，通过光线的对照及折射，仍渗透出该币银质斑驳苍古的“包浆”，是自然形成的“时间的轨迹”,在市面上比较少见，因此也引得万千藏家竞相收藏，足见其价值地位。

This "sailboat coin of one yuan silver coin of the year of the Republic of China" was cast by Shanghai Central Mint in the year of the Republic of China. Sun Yat Sen's profile head is engraved on the front, and "the 23rd year of the Republic of China" is engraved on the front, and the double masted sailboat is sailing through the wind and waves on the back, with the currency value of "one yuan" on the left and right. In terms of coin design, shuangfan coin is the source of wisdom and unique aesthetic perspective of thousands of craftsmen. It has excellent appearance, harmonious overall shape and exquisite design. In addition, the two sails are very rare. Through the contrast and refraction of light, the silver mottled ancient "Baojiang" still permeates the coin, which is a natural "track of time", In the market is relatively rare, so it also attracted thousands of collectors to collect, which shows its value status.

“船洋”因其系贵金属所铸，制作数量比铜元、纸币少得多，加上民国时期社会动荡，银元主要集中在少数官宦商贾手中，又由于解放后的大量兑换，存世所剩很少，比现发行的邮票、纪念币数量少得多。可以预见，“船洋”银元必将成为收藏界的一匹蓄势待发的黑马。

Because it was made of precious metal, the quantity of "Chuanyang" was much less than that of copper yuan and paper money. In addition, due to the social unrest during the period of the Republic of China, silver yuan was mainly concentrated in the hands of a small number of officials and merchants. Due to the large amount of exchange after liberation, there was little left in the world, much less than the amount of stamps and commemorative coins currently issued. It can be predicted that "Chuanyang" silver dollar will become a black horse in the collection industry.

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