艺品在线2020精品推荐 第5期：粉彩婴戏纹瓶

粉彩是景德镇御窑厂的陶工在珐琅彩的启发和影响下，引进铜胎珐琅不透明的白色彩料(玻璃白)，并借鉴珐琅彩多色阶的配置技法创烧的一种釉上彩新品种。粉彩的烧造过程相当复杂，需在预先烧制好的白瓷上经过设计画样、勾线、配色、研色、打底、填色、洗染、烧制等多道工序才能完成，粉彩二次入窑的烧成温度一般在750℃左右。由于粉彩明艳照人，备受收藏者喜爱，特别在南方市场中得到更多收藏者的追捧。近年瓷器市场的大幅上涨中，最先启动的就是粉彩板块和青花板块，至今也是瓷器市场中最受追捧的两大类瓷器。

Pastel is a new kind of overglaze color created and burned by the potters of Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory under the inspiration and influence of enamel color, introducing the opaque white color material (glass white) of copper enamel, and drawing lessons from the configuration technique of enamel color with multiple color scales. The firing process of pastel is quite complicated, which can be completed only by designing samples, drawing lines, matching colors, developing colors, priming, filling colors, washing and dyeing, firing, etc. The firing temperature of pastel in the kiln is generally about 750℃. Because pastel is bright and beautiful, it is loved by collectors, especially in the southern market. In recent years, with the sharp rise of porcelain market, the pastel plate and blue-and-white plate started first, and they are also the two most sought-after types of porcelain in the porcelain market.

粉彩瓷创烧于康熙中晚期，当时精品很少。雍正时期，粉彩瓷在造型、绘画技法及装饰图案等方面已趋于成熟。乾隆帝统治清王朝长达60年，将“康乾盛世”的繁华局面推向了极致。景德镇的制瓷业亦盛极一时，集历代之大成者于一身。据《清档》记载，乾隆皇帝对瓷器有着特殊偏好，对粉彩瓷更是情有独钟，经常直接关注粉彩瓷的烧制。例如：制作前须呈送画样或木样，待皇帝亲自审核后才能送景德镇御窑厂烧制;有些器物的用途、造型、纹饰、款识以及配合纹饰的诗句等都须经过乾隆皇帝的审批;瓷器如果烧制不好，还要赔偿甚至受到严惩，如乾隆十三年(1748年)乾隆下旨：“唐英呈进瓷器仍系旧样，为何不照所发新样烧造进呈，将这次呈进瓷器钱粮不准报销，着依赔偿。”这种大背景下，粉彩瓷达到了其发展的顶峰。

Pastel porcelain was first burned in the middle and late Kangxi period, when there were few fine products. During the Yongzheng period, pastel porcelain matured in modeling, painting techniques and decorative patterns. Emperor Qianlong ruled the Qing Dynasty for 60 years, pushing the prosperous situation of "Kang Gan Sheng Shi" to the extreme. Jingdezhen's porcelain making industry also flourished for a while, integrating all the great achievements of the past dynasties. According to the records in Qingdang, Emperor Qianlong had a special preference for porcelain, especially for pastel porcelain, and often paid direct attention to the firing of pastel porcelain. For example, painting samples or wood samples must be presented before production, and can only be sent to Jingdezhen imperial kiln factory for firing after being personally examined by the emperor; The use, shape, ornamentation, style and verses with ornamentation of some artifacts must be approved by Emperor Qianlong. If the porcelain is not fired well, it will be compensated or even severely punished. For example, in the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748), Qianlong's decree: "Tang Ying's porcelain is still an old sample, why not burn it according to the new sample, and this time it will be presented. The money and food in porcelain are not allowed to be reimbursed, and compensation depends on it." Under this background, pastel porcelain reached the peak of its development.

乾隆时期粉彩瓷器在装饰方面有独特表现技法。首先，从色地上看，除传统白地彩绘外，出现了十余种各色地粉彩。其次，在用料上，除粉彩外，还加用其他彩料，如青花和黑彩等;或与五彩、金彩、斗彩并施绘于一器之上。值的一提的是，粉彩瓷器出现之前，瓷器上的彩绘装饰均以平涂为主，虽然题材多样，但画面层次感差，画意表现颇受局限。粉彩成功借鉴瓷胎画珐琅的画法，在传统瓷绘彩料中掺入一种名为“玻璃白”的白色颜料，称为粉化，粉化后的彩料同一色调可以形成浓淡、强弱的不同色阶，使画面色调更加丰富，瓷器艺术表现力更强。在制作时采用了珐琅彩制作工艺中采用的轧道工艺和锦上添花技法。即在色地上用一种针形工具划出凤尾、卷草、卍字等纹饰(俗称“轧道”)，再在这些纹饰上做绘画纹饰，清宫内务府记事档中称其为“锦上添花”。这种工艺在晚清时的一些粉彩器上偶有运用，但精细程度远非乾隆粉彩所比。

In Qianlong period, pastel porcelain had unique performance techniques in decoration. First of all, from the color point of view, in addition to the traditional white painting, there are more than ten kinds of pastels of various colors. Secondly, in terms of materials, in addition to pastel, other color materials, such as blue and white and black color, are also used; Or painted on the same device together with multicolored, golden and bucket colors. It is worth mentioning that before the appearance of pastel porcelain, the painting decoration on porcelain was mainly flat painting. Although the subject matter was diverse, the picture had poor layering and the painting performance was quite limited. Pastel successfully draws lessons from the painting method of porcelain enamel, and mixes a kind of white pigment called "glass white" into the traditional porcelain painting color material, which is called pulverization. The same color tone of the pulverized color material can form different color levels of shade, strength and weakness, which makes the color tone of the picture richer and the artistic expression of porcelain stronger. In the production, the rolling process and icing on the cake technique used in the enamel color production process are adopted. That is to say, a needle-shaped tool is used to draw the ornamentation such as phoenix tail, rolling grass and swastika (commonly known as "rolling road") on the colored ground, and then painting ornamentation is done on these ornamentation, which is called "icing on the cake" in the chronicle file of the Qing Palace Office. This technique was occasionally used in some pastels in the late Qing Dynasty, but its fineness was far from that of Qianlong pastels.

乾隆朝还经常使用“开光”技法装饰粉彩瓷，开光内的图案按照不同的节气和时令有严格规定，必须按照“大内”送来的图样和皇帝的旨意设计，不能随便改动。如在乾隆八年(1743年)十二月初九日，太监传旨，烧造“年节用三羊开泰、上元节用五谷丰登、端午节用艾叶灵符、七夕节用鹊桥仙渡、万寿节用万寿无疆、中秋节用丹桂飘香、九月九用重阳菊花之类、寻常赏花用万花献瑞，俱按时令花样烧造。”乾隆粉彩瓷的装饰图案极尽艳丽繁缛，装饰题材十分广泛，包括植物纹、动物纹、人物故事图案、婴戏图案、山水、诗词、歌赋等应有尽有，以表现吉祥喻意，形成了乾隆粉彩瓷有图必有意，有意必吉祥的特色。

In Qianlong Dynasty, pastel porcelain was often decorated with the technique of "opening the light". The patterns in opening the light were strictly regulated according to different solar terms and seasons, and must be designed according to the patterns sent by "Da Nei" and the emperor's will, and could not be changed casually. For example, in the eighth year of Qianlong (1743), on the ninth day of December, the eunuch issued a decree to burn "Three sheep to open Tai in the New Year's Day, five grains to harvest in the Last Yuan Festival, Ai Ye Lingfu in the Dragon Boat Festival, Queqiao Xiandu in the Qixi Festival, Longevity in the Wanshou Festival, osmanthus fragrance in the Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Chrysanthemum in September, etc., and flowers for ordinary appreciation." The decorative patterns of Ganlong pastel porcelain are extremely gorgeous and colorful, with a wide range of decorative themes, including plant patterns, animal patterns, character story patterns, baby play patterns, landscapes, poems and songs, etc., in order to express auspicious metaphor, forming the characteristics of Ganlong pastel porcelain.

此对粉彩婴戏纹瓶，撇口，束颈，双耳，溜肩，垂腹，圈足。形制优美，胎坚质白，腹部绘粉彩饰婴戏纹，孩子童俏皮跃然于瓶身，颈部整器纹饰华丽，绘工精准，孩童顽皮神态扑捉到位，青花发色艳丽纯正，粉彩艳丽，釉水温润，胎质细腻白净，是一件具有很高艺术价值的收藏品。

This pair of pastel baby play bottles, with lip skimming, neck binding, ears, shoulders slipping, belly hanging and feet circling. Beautiful shape, firm and white fetus, pastel painted on the abdomen to decorate the baby's play pattern, playful children springing up in the bottle, gorgeous neck decoration, precise painting, children's naughty manner catching in place, bright and pure blue and white hair color, gorgeous pastel, warm glaze, delicate and white fetus, which is a collection with high artistic value.

此件藏品现在展卖于艺品在线商城平台中，据持宝人介绍说，这件瓷器是祖上传下来的。曾让专家老师鉴定过，绝世精品。在本公司得知其有这件罕见珍品，特邀其持这件瓷器参加，现持宝人因资金周转困难原因。忍痛割爱愿将此件瓷器委托本公司代其通过网络媒体进行寻找买家。如对此藏品有兴趣收藏者，可拨打企业联系电话：400 686 3616进行洽谈。

This collection is now displayed and sold on the platform of the online art mall. According to the treasure holder, this porcelain was handed down from the ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a peerless boutique. When our company learned that it has this rare treasure, we invited it to hold this porcelain to participate. The current holder of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. I am willing to entrust this porcelain to our company to find buyers through online media. If you are interested in collecting this collection, you can call the company's telephone number: 400 686 3616 for negotiation.