艺品在线2020精品推荐第5期：明成化官窑斗彩杯一对

明成化朝(公元1465—1487年，明宪宗朱见深年号)历时23年，景德镇御窑厂生产全面恢复正常，是我国陶瓷烧造史上重要的历史时期。成化瓷器造型玲珑秀气，胎体细润晶莹，彩料精选纯正，色调柔和宁静，绘画淡雅幽婉，以其轻盈秀雅的风格，独步一世，被历代藏家誉为明代瓷器之冠。其中以成化斗彩最负盛名。

The Ming Chenghua Dynasty (AD 1465-1487, Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong) lasted for 23 years, and the production of Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory returned to normal in an all-round way, which was an important historical period in the history of ceramic firing in China. Chenghua porcelain is exquisite and delicate in shape, delicate and crystal-clear in carcass, pure in color selection, soft and quiet in color tone, elegant and elegant in painting, and unique in its light and beautiful and elegant style. It has been praised as the crown of porcelain in Ming Dynasty by collectors of all ages. Among them, Chenghua Doucai is the most famous.

斗彩是一种釉下青花和釉上彩相结合，具有特殊艺术效果的彩瓷装饰新工艺。它是先在成型好的坯体上以青花料钩描图案轮廓，或在此基础上以青花料绘图案局部，罩透明釉经高温焙烧后，再在釉上以填涂、渲染、覆盖、点缀等技法，按需要施以各色彩料，完成图案全样。复入彩炉经低温烘烤而成，从而产生釉下青花与釉上诸彩竞相斗妍的艺术效果。成化斗彩，声誉极高。其胎体轻薄，胎质洁白细腻，釉色青白或乳白，釉质莹润如脂。纹饰美，画技高，彩料精。彩色艳而不躁，柔和悦目。在修胎工艺方面，注重边角的处理，表里精致如一。其总体风格是轻盈秀丽，恬淡雅致，精巧可人，玩赏性大于实用性。

Doucai is a new decorative technology of colored porcelain, which combines underglaze blue and white with overglaze color and has special artistic effect. Firstly, draw the outline of the pattern with blue and white materials on the molded green body, or on this basis, draw the part with blue and white materials, cover the transparent glaze and bake it at high temperature, and then apply various color materials on the glaze by filling, rendering, covering, embellishing and other techniques to complete the whole pattern. Re-enter the color furnace and bake at low temperature, so as to produce the artistic effect of underglaze blue and white competing with all the colors on the glaze. Chenghua fights for color and enjoys a high reputation. Its carcass is light and thin, its fetal quality is white and delicate, its glaze color is bluish white or milky white, and its enamel is as smooth as grease. Beautiful decoration, high painting skills and fine color materials. Colourful but not manic, soft and pleasing to the eye. In terms of tire repair technology, attention is paid to the treatment of corners, and the appearance is as delicate as the inside. Its overall style is light and beautiful, quiet and elegant, delicate and pleasant, and its enjoyment is greater than practicality.

成化斗彩瓷器之所以能取得高度成就，是有其深刻的历史原因的。首先与成化帝自身的修养与喜好彩瓷是密切相关的。成化帝本人雅好艺术，擅长丹青，涉猎山水、人物、花鸟等门类。当时画院兴隆，许多职业画家应诏入宫，以其精湛的技艺，博得皇家青睐。院体画以山水、花鸟为盛，成化官窑斗彩瓷器上的图案亦以花鸟最为多见，由此推断成化官窑斗彩瓷器之绘画蓝本，应出自当时画院画家之手。而《明史·食货志》则概括性地叙述了当时瓷器烧造之多：“成化间，遣中官之浮梁景德镇，烧造御用瓷器，最多且久，费不赀。”明朝王士祯《广志绎》中写道“浮梁景德镇，雄村十里，皆火华山发焰，故其下当有陶埴应之。”成化朝中晚期的督陶官朱元佐有较高的文化修养，《爱日堂抄》一书中录有朱元佐的《监陶登朝天阁冰立堂观火诗》，诗云：“来典陶工简命膺，大林环视一栏凭。朱门近与千峰接，丹阙遥从万里登。霞起赤城春锦列，日生紫海瑞光腾。四封富焰连朝夕，谁识朝臣独立冰。”诗中既描述了当年景德镇陶瓷烧造时火光冲天的盛况，又流露出作者来镇督陶，深感责任重大，如履薄冰的心情。正如有的学者所指出的那样，成化一朝烧造了大量格调高雅的优质瓷器，除与成化皇帝本身艺术修养高以外，还与少数督陶官具有较高的文化素养有一定的关系。

There are profound historical reasons why Chenghua Doucai Porcelain can achieve high achievements. First of all, it is closely related to Chenghua Emperor's self-cultivation and preference for colored porcelain. Chenghua Emperor himself is good at art, is good at Danqing, and dabbles in landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, etc. At that time, the painting academy was booming, and many professional painters should enter the palace and win the favor of the royal family with their superb skills. Landscape, flowers and birds are the most popular styles in courtyard paintings, and flowers and birds are also the most common patterns on bucket color porcelain in Chenghua official kiln. Therefore, it is inferred that the blueprint of bucket color porcelain in Chenghua official kiln should come from the painters at that time. The "Ming Shi Shi Huo Zhi" generally describes how much porcelain was burned at that time: "In Chenghua, the official of Fuliang Jingdezhen was sent to burn royal porcelain, which was the most long and expensive." In the Ming Dynasty Wang Shizhen's Guangzhiyi, it was written that "Fuliang Jingdezhen and Xiongcun Shili are all flaming in Huashan Mountain, so there should be Tao Ying under it." Zhu Yuanzuo, the overseer of pottery in the late Chenghua Dynasty, had a high cultural accomplishment. Zhu Yuanzuo's Poem of Watching Fire in Binglitang of Tiange in the Supervision of Taodeng Dynasty was recorded in his book. As the poem goes, "When you come to Canon, the potter's life is over, and Dalin looks around. Zhumen is near Qianfeng, and Danque is far away from Wanli. Xiaqi Chicheng Spring Brocade, and the daily Zihai Ruiguang Teng. Four rich flames even day and night, who knows the courtiers' independent ice. " The poem not only describes the grand occasion when Jingdezhen ceramics were fired, but also reveals the author's feeling of being responsible and treading on thin ice. As some scholars have pointed out, Chenghua once produced a large number of high-quality porcelain with elegant style, which was related to the high artistic accomplishment of Chenghua Emperor and the high cultural accomplishment of a few pottery supervisors.

成化斗彩瓷器上的装饰题材非常广泛，不同的器物配以相应的纹样，和谐优美。其纹饰有龙、天马、莲池鸳鸯、子母鸡、蜜蜂、蝴蝶、婴戏、莲花、牡丹、月季、葡萄、蔓草、莲托八吉祥、莲托梵文及五供养等。纹样构成富于变化，仅表现花卉就有折枝、缠枝、团状、开光等多种形式。图案布局疏密有致，虚实相托，动静结合。其构图法则除规矩工整的二方连续、四方连续外，也有自然随意的写实性构图。斗彩瓷器上的彩色亦是丰富而华贵，彩料多透明鲜亮。所有青花料为国产平等青料，也叫“陂塘青”，这种青料中氧化铁含量低，烧成后呈色幽倩淡雅。各种釉上彩亦具时代特征。红色鲜艳而不浮躁，在画面中格外醒目。黄色变化丰富，有微微闪红的杏黄色，娇嫩明澈的鹅黄色，柔和温润的浅黄色，深沉透亮的蜜蜡黄及浓而不躁的姜黄。各种绿色，如水绿、叶子绿、山子绿等皆纯正而略泛黄色。赭紫色暗，葡萄紫恰如熟透了的葡萄色，特别是“姹紫”，亦称“差紫”，是成化斗彩瓷器上特有的颜色，其色如赤铁，表面暗淡无光，后世皆无。有所谓“鲜红淡抹绿闪黄，姹紫浓厚却无光”的说法。

The decorative themes on Chenghua Doucai porcelain are very extensive, and different objects are matched with corresponding patterns, which are harmonious and beautiful. Its ornamentation includes dragon, Tianma, lotus pond mandarin duck, hen, bee, butterfly, baby play, lotus, peony, rose, grape, creeping weed, lotus-supporting Eight Auspiciouss, lotus-supporting Sanskrit and five supports. Pattern composition is full of changes, which only shows that flowers have many forms, such as folding branches, winding branches, clumping, blooming and so on. Pattern layout is dense, virtual and real, dynamic and static. In addition to regular and neat continuity of two sides and four sides, its composition rules also have natural and random realistic composition. The colors on Doucai porcelain are rich and luxurious, and the colors are transparent and bright. All blue and white materials are made in Ping Dengqing, also called "Bitangqing". This green material has low iron oxide content, and its color is beautiful and elegant after firing. All kinds of overglaze colors also have the characteristics of the times. Red is bright but not impetuous, which stands out in the picture. Yellow is rich in variety, with slightly reddish apricot yellow, delicate Ming Che goose yellow, soft and warm light yellow, deep and translucent beeswax yellow and thick but not manic turmeric. Various greens, such as water green, leaf green and mountain green, are pure and slightly yellowish. Ochre purple is dark, and grape purple is just like ripe grape color, especially "ochre purple", also known as "poor purple", which is the unique color of Chenghua Doucai porcelain, and its color is as red iron, with dull surface and no future generations. There is a saying that "bright red is lightly smeared with green and flashing yellow, but thick purple is dull".

此对斗彩杯即系成化斗彩之典型器，敞口，斜腹渐收，造型周正，线条优美。胎质洁白细腻，釉面光润。内壁素白，青花发色淡雅，釉上填彩柔和，笔触纤细，构图清秀。足内侧自右向左书青花“大明成化年制”六字楷书横款。保存完好，十分精美，极具收藏价值。

This pair of bucket color cups is a typical instrument of Chenghua bucket color, which is open, inclined and gradually closed, with a well-shaped shape and beautiful lines. The fetal quality is white and delicate, and the glaze is smooth. The inner wall is white, the blue and white hair color is elegant, the glaze is filled with soft colors, the brushwork is fine, and the composition is delicate. On the inside of the foot, from right to left, the six-character regular script of "Daming Chenghua Year System" is written in blue and white. Well-preserved, very beautiful and highly collectible.

此件藏品现在展卖于艺品在线商城平台中，据持宝人介绍说，这对瓷杯是祖上传下来的。曾让专家老师鉴定过，绝世精品。在本公司得知其有这件罕见珍品，特邀其持这对瓷杯参加，现持宝人因资金周转困难原因。忍痛割爱愿将此这对瓷杯委托本公司代其通过网络媒体进行寻找买家。如对此藏品有兴趣收藏者，可拨打企业联系电话：400 686 3616进行洽谈。

This collection is now displayed and sold on the platform of the online art mall. According to the treasure holder, this pair of porcelain cups was handed down from ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a peerless boutique. When our company learned that it has this rare treasure, we invited it to hold this pair of porcelain cups, but the current treasure holder has difficulty in capital turnover. I am willing to entrust this pair of porcelain cups to our company to find buyers through online media. If you are interested in collecting this collection, you can call the company's telephone number: 400 686 3616 for negotiation.