（南宋官窑）浅灰釉靑盘

(Southern Song Dynasty official kiln) shallow gray glazed cymbal plate

南宋官窑是官方的烧造瓷器的窑场，南宋时期劳动人民的制瓷技术有许多创造和进步。南宋建都临安（今杭州）时，建立修内司、郊坛下窑，生产宫廷专用御品，故称“南宋官窑”。

Official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty are official kilns for firing porcelain. The working people in the Southern Song Dynasty made many innovations and advances in the technology of making porcelain. When Linan (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, established Xiunisi and Jiaotianxia kilns to produce Royal products for the court, so it was called "official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty"

官窑分做两个地方，一为北宋的汴京官窑，一为南宋南迁后高宗在杭州所另立的新窑杭州修内司官窑，亦称内窑。然此项分类尚有纷歧意见，因为汴京遗址长埋于开封市底下，考古难以挖掘，只能借由古籍记载来推测当时烧窑的情况。根据几本古籍，如明初曹昭《格古论要》、南宋人所写《负暄杂录》、以及南宋《垣斋笔衡》所载，官窑的确分作南北两处。

Official kilns are divided into two parts, one is Bianjing Official Kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty, the other is Hangzhou Xionei Official Kiln, a new kiln set up by Gaozong in Hangzhou after the southern migration of the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as the Inner Kiln. However, there are still different opinions on this classification, because Bianjing Site is buried under Kaifeng City for a long time, and archaeology is difficult to excavate. It can only be inferred from ancient records that the kiln was burned at that time. According to several ancient books, such as Cao Zhao's Gegu Lunyuan in the early Ming Dynasty, Negative Xuan Zalu written by the people of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Yuanzhai Biheng in the Southern Song Dynasty, Guanyao is indeed divided into two parts, north and south.

南宋官窑是宋朝迁都临安后，邵成章提举在殿中省修内司按北宋旧制度在凤凰山下设立官窑，称为内窑；后来又在郊坛建立新官窑。修内司郊坛官窑瓷釉有月白、粉青、米黄三色，有冰裂纹，隐纹如鹰爪。明初曹昭《格古论要》言：“官窑器宋修内司烧者土臃细润，色青带粉红，浓淡不一，有蟹爪纹紫口铁足，色好者与汝窑相类，有黑土者谓之乌泥窑，伪者皆龙泉所烧者，无纹路。”另外值得一提的是，在《垣斋笔衡》中提到"后郊坛下别立新窑"，为南宋初期设立的第二座官窑，称“郊坛官窑”，也位于杭州。

After the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Linan, Shao Chengzhang raised the official kiln under the old system of the Northern Song Dynasty, which was called the inner kiln. Later, a new official kiln was set up in the suburban altar. The glaze of Xiunisi suburban Tanguan kiln has three colours of moonlight, pink-blue and beige, with ice cracks and hidden lines like eagle claws. Cao Zhao's Gegu Lunyuan in the early Ming Dynasty said: "Official kiln wares burned by Song Xiunisi are delicate, green with pink, different shades, crab claw pattern purple iron feet, good color is similar to Ru kiln, black clay is called Wuni kiln, fake are burned by Longquan, no grain road." In addition, it is worth mentioning that in Yuanzhai Biheng, it mentions "the new kiln under the rear suburban altar", the second official kiln set up in the early Southern Song Dynasty, called "the official kiln of the suburban altar", which is also located in Hangzhou.

“袭故京遗制”移地于南方继续生产，开始于绍兴十三年，却连续生产了一百三四十年的优质瓷，前后映辉，为中国奠下了制瓷王国的美名，千多年以来，被举世认为宋瓷是艺术性最高的时代。它通过细致纯熟的工艺，将流畅简练的造型和精光内蕴的釉色和谐统一在一起，代表着八百年前中国瓷器生产的最高水平，也是南宋时期发达的科技文化真实的写照。由于它产量有限，传世甚少，从而成为中国古代瓷器中的瑰宝，闻名于世。而与南宋官窑的知名度不相适应是关于它近乎零星的史料记载，让今人觉得扑朔迷离、莫衷一是。因此，南宋官窑的研究一直是中国古陶瓷研究中一项令人瞩目的重要课题。

"Following the legacy of Beijing" moved to the south to continue production. It began in Shaoxing for 13 years, but continuously produced high-quality porcelain for 1340 years. It has created a good name for China as the kingdom of porcelain making. For thousands of years, Song porcelain has been regarded as the most artistic era in the world. Through meticulous and sophisticated craftsmanship, it harmonizes the smooth and concise shape and glaze color, represents the highest level of China's porcelain production 800 years ago, and is also a true portrayal of the developed science, technology and culture in the Southern Song Dynasty. Because of its limited output and few handed down from generation to generation, it has become a treasure of ancient Chinese porcelain and is well-known all over the world. However, the incompatibility with the popularity of the official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty is the almost sporadic historical records, which make people feel confused and inconsistent. Therefore, the study of official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty has always been an important subject in the study of ancient Chinese ceramics.

南宋官窑瓷的釉色，主要是粉青色、依色谱的颜色分，是极浅的蓝绿色，但也有以灰色绿色、黄绿色色调为主的。具有良好的乳浊性和釉层丰厚的多次釉，在质感上追求璞玉的效果。 南宋官窑瓷的胎土有黑褐色、灰褐色、灰色及红褐色等，但以黑褐色占大多数，所谓"紫口铁足"是由于黑胎上釉后，口部及凸棱部位釉向下流，因而造成口棱部釉薄，而显现了胎色，这就是"紫口"。至于"铁足"则是指圈足部份的黑铁色了，南宋官窑的釉极厚，故便有"原釉薄胎"之说法。

The glaze color of official kiln porcelain in Southern Song Dynasty is mainly pink-blue, which is very light blue-green according to the color of chromatogram, but there are also gray-green and yellow-green tones. It has good opacity and multiple glazes with rich glaze layer, and pursues the effect of Pu-Yu in texture. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were black-brown, grey-brown, grey and reddish-brown placenta of official kiln ceramics, but most of them were black-brown. The so-called "purple iron foot" was due to the downward flow of glaze at the mouth and convex edges of the black placenta after glazing, resulting in thin glaze at the mouth edge and showing the color of the placenta, which was called "purple mouth". As for the iron foot, it refers to the black iron of the ring foot. The glaze of the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty is very thick, so there is the saying of "original glaze thin tire".

此盘造型简洁雅致，似一盘圆月。口径：19.2cm，底径9.5cm，高：3.3cm，手感沉重，通体施灰青釉，圈足垫烧抹一层护胎釉成“铁足”，符合南宋官窑晚期特征。盘体釉面厚如凝脂，润泽如酥。放大镜下可见汽泡如细小串珠紧密聚集，如史料“聚沫攒珠”之述，细密“冰裂纹”下如同冰糖、云母一般层层向下，多角型开片，显白色纹路，给人一种似玉非玉胜似玉境界，美不胜收。釉层清明玉润，有光泽感，略显些微透明，釉层薄厚均匀。器物釉表面还带有类似芝麻花弥漫形态的点点发白或带黄闪蓝的土沁花斑点，釉中含有玛瑙。器物放在弱光中莹光闪烁，焕发迷人魅力，令人回味无穷。整体高贵典雅，颇具宋代宫廷风格。

The official kiln porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty not only inherited the characteristics of the northern famous kiln, such as the porcelain of the Bi Jing Guan kiln, the porcelain kiln of Henan Ru Guan kiln, etc., but also had the characteristics of simple and simple and highly enamel, and absorbed the thin and thick glaze of the famous kiln such as Yue Kiln and Longquan kiln in the south. The combination of Northern Art and Southern Art has created a peak in the history of celadon in China. It is also a great and outstanding contribution to world culture and art. After the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty, the official kiln was destroyed, craftsmen were lost and skills were lost, so there were fewer treasures handed down from generation to generation. In recent years, the prices of Nansong official kiln pottery, which appeared in the auction market, ranged from 25 million to 200 million yuan, and the market demand trend was rising all the way.

南宋官窑瓷既继承了北宋汴京官窑瓷、河南汝官窑瓷等北方名窑的造型端庄简朴，釉质浑厚的特点，又吸收了南方越窑、龙泉窑等名窑的薄胎厚釉，釉面莹沏，造型精巧之精华。北艺南技的结合，创造了我国青瓷史上的顶峰。而且对世界文化艺术方面也是一个伟大的卓越的贡献。 南宋王朝覆灭之后，官窑被毁，工匠失散，技艺失传，故传世珍品较少。近年出现在拍卖市场上的南宋官窑瓷器，成交价在2500万到2亿上下不等，市场需求走势一路上升。

The official kiln porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty not only inherited the characteristics of the northern famous kiln, such as the porcelain of the Bi Jing Guan kiln, the porcelain kiln of Henan Ru Guan kiln, etc., but also had the characteristics of simple and simple and highly enamel, and absorbed the thin and thick glaze of the famous kiln such as Yue Kiln and Longquan kiln in the south. The combination of Northern Art and Southern Art has created a peak in the history of celadon in China. It is also a great and outstanding contribution to world culture and art. After the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty, the official kiln was destroyed, craftsmen were lost and skills were lost, so there were fewer treasures handed down from generation to generation. In recent years, the prices of Nansong official kiln pottery, which appeared in the auction market, ranged from 25 million to 200 million yuan, and the market demand trend was rising all the way.

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