古玩行2020精品推荐第3期：中华民国十五年海陆空大元帅纪念金币

中华民国十五年海陆空大元帅纪念金币

Gold coins commemorating the 15th year of the Republic of China

民国初期，政局异常混乱，尤其在袁世凯称帝失败之后，继任者无一能掌握局面。黎元洪只当了一年余总统就被张勋复辟赶下台来，代总统冯国璋也没比他的前任幸运。徐世昌做了四年总统算是长命，接着黎元洪复位，一年后曹锟贿选上台，仅一年便被逼退，而“临时执政”的段祺瑞也不过撑了一年半，其下野后一年多时间里代理人似走马灯般更换，最后以“大元帅”头衔掌权的张作霖则在届周年前死于“皇姑屯事件”。

In the early period of the Republic of China, the political situation was very chaotic, especially after Yuan Shikai failed to become emperor, none of his successors could master the situation. Li Yuanhong was ousted from office by Zhang Xun after only one year as president, and Feng Guozhang, acting president, was no luckier than his predecessor. Xu Shichang had a long life as president for four years. Then Li Yuanhong returned to power. One year later, Cao Kun bribed him to take office. Only one year later, he was forced to leave. Duan Qirui, who was in "temporary power", only lasted for one and a half years. His agent changed like a lantern in more than one year after he left the field. Finally, Zhang zuolin, who was in power as "Grand Marshal", died in "huanggutun incident" before the anniversary of his term.

这段时期内，天津造币厂为了应对总统的不停更换，试制或发行了各式纪念币章，工艺之精湛令人赞叹。然而因为执政者在位时间均短，铸造时间亦极为短促，而且这些币章铸造的初衷也并非用以流通，故所铸数量极少，留存至今屈指可数，而张作霖像系列纪念金币，更属这些人像币章中的大珍。

During this period, in order to cope with the constant replacement of the president, Tianjin Mint trial produced or issued various commemorative medals, which were of amazing craftsmanship. However, due to the short reigning time of the rulers and the extremely short casting time, and the original intention of these coins is not to be used for circulation, so the number of coins cast is very small, which remains to a very small number, and the commemorative gold coins of Zhang zuolin's portrait series are even more precious among these coins.

存世以张作霖肖像制作的纪念币共三种：民国十五年正面戎装像，背面为嘉禾;十六年肖像同前，背面为龙凤黼黻团;十七年正面便装像，背面为五色旗与十八星旗图案。铸造时间恰与其势力鼎盛时期相符。

There are three kinds of commemorative coins made of Zhang zuolin's portrait: in the 15th year of the Republic of China, the obverse is a military figure with Jiahe on the back; in the 16th year, the obverse is the same as that of the former, and the reverse is a group of dragons and phoenixes; in the 17th year, the obverse is a casual figure with five-color flag and eighteen star flag on the back. The casting time coincided with the peak of its power.

民国十五年（1926）天津造币厂铸造。张作霖是北洋军阀中的奉系首领。民国十三年（1924）九月，第一次直奉战争爆发，直系因冯玉祥发动北京政变的倒戈而战败，奉系军阀张作霖便开始实际控制北洋政府。当时虽推皖系首领段祺瑞为“临时执政”，但背后实权掌控者为奉系的张作霖。民国十五年（1926）初，段祺瑞因“三.一八”惨案而遭全国各界讨伐，最终在冯玉祥所部的武力逼迫下辞去“临时执政”之职。至此，张作霖便走到政权的前台。同年，自称安国军总司令。次年六月又自封北洋军政府陆海军大元帅，代表中华民国行使总统权，成为北洋政府最后一个元首。在张作霖执掌国家政权期间，天津造币厂照例铸造了多种纪念币。十五年张作霖像背嘉禾壹元金币是其中的一种。此币制作十分精美，存世稀见，系民国军阀币中的珍品，完全未使用。

In the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), Tianjin Mint minted coins. Zhang Zuolin was the head of the Fengxi Department of the Northern Warlords. In September of the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), the first direct Bong war broke out. The direct line was defeated by Feng Yuxiang's defection from the Beijing coup. Bong warlord Zhang Zuolin began to take effective control of the Beiyang government. At that time, although Duan Qirui, head of the Anhui department, was promoted as "temporary ruling", the real power behind it was held by Fengxi's Zhang Zuolin. At the beginning of the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), Duan Qirui was attacked by all walks of life because of the "March 18" massacre. Finally, he resigned from his "temporary ruling" position under the force of Feng Yuxiang's department. At this point, Zhang Zuolin came to the front desk of the regime. In the same year, he claimed to be commander-in-chief of the AnGuoJun. In June of the following year, he appointed himself Grand Marshal Lu Haijun of Beiyang Military Government, exercising the presidential power on behalf of the Republic of China, and became the last head of Beiyang Government. During Zhang Zuolin's reign, the Tianjin Mint routinely minted a variety of commemorative coins. Fifteen years ago, Zhang Zuolin was one of them. This coin is exquisitely made and rarely seen in the world. It is a treasure among warlord coins of the Republic of China and has not been used at all.

一枚小小的纪念币，蕴藏着丰富的历史元素。如今遗传在世的精品纪念币虽然并不多，但是每枚精品古币价值却是不菲。古钱币的价格是由存世量、艺术价值和历史价值判断的，而且随着市场供需关系的变化而产生不同程度的波动。

A small commemorative coin contains rich historical elements. Nowadays, although there are not many exquisite commemorative coins inherited from the world, each exquisite ancient coin is worth a lot. The price of ancient coins is judged by the stock, artistic value and historical value, and fluctuates in varying degrees with the change of the relationship between supply and demand in the market.

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