古玩行2020精品推荐第3期：明代铜腰牌

腰牌是古代官员日常所佩的身份符信，相当于今天的通行证，因系挂于腰间，故称腰牌。又因多用金银、玉石、名贵木料等珍贵材质制成，加之雕镂的图案精美生动，造型多样，具有浓郁的文化韵味，适于观赏把玩，故一直深受藏家的喜爱，属于艺术价值和经济价值都很高的文玩。

Waist token is an identity token worn by ancient officials in daily life. It is equivalent to today's pass. It is called waist token because it is hung on the waist. It is also made of precious materials such as gold and silver, jade and precious wood. In addition, the carved patterns are exquisite and vivid, with various shapes and strong cultural charm. It is suitable for viewing and playing. Therefore, it has always been loved by collectors and belongs to the cultural and economic value of high value.

腰牌最早起源于夏商周时代的玉制“牙璋”，至战国时代发展为“符”（多为虎符），通常用金、玉、铜、木等制成。所谓牙璋是一种有刃的器物，器身上端有刃，下端呈长方形，底部两侧有突出的鉏牙。牙璋是一种礼器，也作为古代调动军队的符信，古代皇帝调兵的令牌，共有两块，一凹一凸，皇帝一块，主将一块，用以调兵。

Waist token originated from Yazhang, a jade system in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and developed into fufu (mostly Hufu) in the Warring States period, usually made of gold, jade, copper and wood. The so-called tooth Zhang is a kind of utensil with a blade. The upper end of the utensil has a blade, the lower end is rectangular, and there are protruding teeth on both sides of the bottom. Yazhang is a kind of ritual instrument, which also serves as a symbol for the ancient mobilization of the army. There are two tokens for the ancient emperor's mobilization, one for the concave, one for the convex, one for the emperor and one for the general.

虎符为中国古代帝王授予臣属兵权和调发军队的信物。铜制、虎形、分左右两半，有子母口可以相合。右符留存中央，左符在将领之手。王若派人前往调动军队，就需带上右符，持符验合，军将才能听命而动，军队不执行执皇帝金符节者行兵令，除皇帝亲临现场调兵。它盛行于战国、秦、汉时期。

Hufu is a keepsake for ancient Chinese emperors to confer military power on their officials and dispatch troops. Copper, tiger shaped, left and right halves, with mother and son to meet. The right Rune remains in the center, and the left rune is in the general's hand. If Wang Ruo sends people to mobilize the army, he needs to bring the right talisman with him. Only when he holds the talisman, can the army move at his command. The army does not carry out the order of the emperor's golden talisman, except that the Emperor himself is on the scene to transfer troops. It prevailed in the Warring States period, Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty.

到了隋唐时期腰牌发展为“鱼符”，调兵遣将、出入宫廷等都要以此为凭证。鱼符，这种身份证正式使用时间在唐代，是唐高祖李渊的一项发明，鱼符分左右，使用方法是，左符放在“派出所”（内廷），作为“底根”；右符由持有人随身带着，作为身份的证明。

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the waist token developed into a "Fish Charm", which was used as a proof for the deployment of troops and the entrance and exit of the court. Yufu, the official use time of this ID card in Tang Dynasty, is an invention of Li Yuan, Gaozu of Tang Dynasty. Yufu is divided into two parts. The use method is that left Fu is placed in the "police station" (inner court) as the "bottom root"; the right Fu is carried by the holder as proof of identity.

到北宋和明朝前期，符牌制度发展的更为完善，逐渐成为一种严格的身份识别方式。明代腰牌制度更加严格，不同身份等级的人要佩戴不同材质、形状的腰牌。

Until the Northern Song Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, the system of Fupai developed more perfect and gradually became a strict way of identity recognition. The system of waist token in Ming Dynasty is more strict. People of different status levels should wear waist token of different materials and shapes.

平民百姓，都以佩戴腰牌为荣。腰牌的材质也慢慢增加，象牙、翡翠、琥珀蜜蜡等也被制成腰牌来使用，而且由于其年代久远，价值不菲，因此佩戴者多为权臣、富商。

Ordinary people are proud to wear waist tags. The material of waist token is also gradually increasing. Ivory, emerald, amber honey wax and so on are also made into waist token for use. Moreover, due to its long history and high value, the wearer is mostly a powerful official and rich businessman.

此件藏品现在展卖于古玩行商城平台中，据持宝人介绍说，这件明代铜腰牌是祖上传下来的。曾让专家老师鉴定过，绝世精品。在本公司得知其有这件罕见珍品，特邀其持这件铜腰牌参加，现持宝人因资金周转困难原因。忍痛割爱愿将此件铜腰牌委托本公司代其通过网络媒体进行寻找买家。如对此藏品有兴趣收藏者，可拨打企业联系电话：400 686 3616进行洽谈。

The collection is now displayed on the platform of antique shops. According to the owner, the bronze waist token of Ming Dynasty was uploaded by the ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers. It's a masterpiece. Knowing that the company has this rare treasure, we specially invite the owner to take this bronze waist token to participate. Now the owner of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. Bear the pain to cut love is willing to entrust this copper waist card to our company to search for the buyer through the network media on its behalf. If you are interested in this collection, you can call 400 686 3616 for negotiation.